Acyl Chlorides and Purifying Organic compounds Flashcards
What is the functional group of acyl chlorides?
-COCl
Draw the displayed formula for 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylpentanoyl chloride
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How do acyl chloride names end?
-oyl chloride
How are acyl chlorides named?
The carbon atoms are numbered from the end with the acyl functional group. (This is the same as with carboxylic acids)
Give the list of substances acyl chlorides loose their chlorine to
- Water
- Alcohols
- Ammonia
- Primary amines
Describe how each substance reacts with ethanoyl chloride, an equation for each substance and products
- Water: A vigorous reaction with cold water, producing a carboxylic acid.
- Alcohols: A vigorous reaction at room temperature, producing an ester. (methanol)
- Ammonia: A violent reaction at room temperature, producing an amide.
- Primary amines: A violent reaction at room temperature, producing an N-substituted amide. (ethylamine)
Check physical flashcards for equations.
Which process is acyl chlorides reacting with alcohols faster than?
Esterification
What is given off when Cl is substituted by an oxygen or nitrogen?
- Misty fumes of hydrogen chloride are given off
What type of substances react in the same way as Acyl Chlorides
- Acid Anhydrides react in the same way as Acyl Chlorides
What are acid anhydrides and how do you name them?
- acid anhydrides is made from two identical carboxylic acid molecules
- If you know the name of the carboxylic acid, they’re easy to name- just take away ‘acid’ and add ‘anhydride’
What is the difference between acid anhydride reacting with water, alcohol, ammonia and amines and Acyl Chlorides reacting with them?
- With acid anhydrides the reactions are less vigorous
- You get carboxylic acids instead of HCl
Give the equation for the reaction of ethanoic anhydride with methanol to produce methyl ethanoate and ethanoic acid
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draw in diagrams of two molecules of ethanoic acid to form ethanoic anhydride and water
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What type of reactions do Acyl Chlorides undergo?
Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination reactions
Why do acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions?
- In acyl chlorides, both the chlorine and the oxygen atoms draw electrons towards themselves
- Carbon has a slight positive charge
It is easily attacked by nucleophiles