ATP Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the properties of water and explain how each property is biologically important

A

Metabolite- hydrolysis and condensation reactions
Solvent- allows reactions to occur in cells and for transport of substance
High specific heat capacity- buffers changes in body temperature
Large latent heat of vapourisation- provides a cooling effect with little loss of water through evaportion
Cohension- between water molecules due to hydorgen bonding supports columns of water during the transport of water through the xylem of plants and produces surface tension to support small organisms

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2
Q

List the biological role for the inorganic ion, Fe2+

A

found in haemoglobin in red blood cells. O2 binds to the Fe2+ and transports the oxygen to respiring cells.
Haemoglobin has a quaternary structure with 4 polypeptide chains, each with 1 Fe2+, so each haemoglobin can carry 4 O2 molecules.

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3
Q

Describe the structure of ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate contains ribose sugar, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

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4
Q

List the biological roles of the inorganic ion, H+

A

Higher concentration of H+ ions, lowers the pH
High/low concentration of H+ ions can denature proteins including enzymes and so affect rates
H+ ions are used in photosynthesis and respiration along with ATP synthase, for the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi.

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5
Q

List the biological importance of the inorganic ion, Na+

A

involved in the adsorption of glucose into bloodstream.
Co-transported along with glucose into the epithelial cells of the small intestine down a Na+ concentration gradient.
Involved with the production of electrical impulses in neurones.
Water reabsorption in the kidneys

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6
Q

List the biological importance of the inorganic ion, PO43+

A

PO43+ added to ADP to produce ATP in a condensation reaction during photosynthesis and respiration.
added to other molecules to make them more reactive (phosphorylation)
used to join DNA and RNA nucleotides together via phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Makes up the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

Explain how hydrogen bonds form between molecules

A

Due to their polar nature, weak hydrogen bonds are produced between the slightly negative oxygen is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen, in water.

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8
Q

Name 3 differences between a ATP and DNA nucleotide

A
  1. ATP has a ribose sugar, whereas DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.
  2. ATP has 3 phosphates but DNA only has 1.
  3. ATP always has adenine as the base but DNA can have adenine, guanine, thymine or cytosine.
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9
Q

Name 3 biological processes that use the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP

A
  1. Active transport
  2. Muscle contraction
  3. Synthesising molecules
  4. Mitosis
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10
Q

Write the equation for the synthesis of ATP

A

ADP + Pi > ATP + water
(Using ATP synthase)

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11
Q

Write the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP

A

ATP + water > ADP + Pi
(Using ATP hydrolase)

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12
Q

Name the enzyme used to hydrolyse ATP

A

ATP hydrolase

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13
Q

Name the enzyme used to synthase ATP

A

ATP synthase

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