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MBBS Y5 > Surgery - Urology > Flashcards

Surgery - Urology Flashcards

1
Q

describe vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). how can this cause AKI?

A
  • urine refluxing from bladder back up ureters| - if this then reduces kidney function, this is post-renal AKI
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2
Q

where is the obstruction in an upper obstructive uropathy?

A

ureters

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3
Q

presentation of upper obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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4
Q

presentation of lower obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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5
Q

what kind of micturition symptoms might be experienced in a lower obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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6
Q

causes of an upper obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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7
Q

causes of a lower obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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8
Q

causes of a neurogenic bladder?

A
  • MS - DM- stroke - parkinson’s disease- brain / SC injury- spina bifida
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9
Q

presentation of neurogenic bladder?

A

NAME?

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10
Q

management of obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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11
Q

complications of treating an obstructive uropathy?

A
  • catheter-associated UTI| - post-catheter diuresis (fluid and electrolyte loss, seen on UEs)
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12
Q

complications of obstructive uropathy?

A

NAME?

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13
Q

describe the pathophysiology of hydronephrosis?

A

obstruction to urine outflow causes backflow up to the kidneys

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14
Q

what is the cause of idiopathic hydronephrosis?

A
  • narrowing at the PUJ| - may be congenital
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15
Q

features of hydronephrosis?

A
  • vague renal angle pain| - mass felt in kidney area
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16
Q

investigations for hydronephrosis?

A

all imaging:- USS- CT - IV urogram (X-ray)

17
Q

treatment of hydronephrosis?

A

NAME?

18
Q

indications for a urinary catheter?

A

NAME?

19
Q

demographic typically affected by BPH?

A

men over 50

20
Q

presentation of BPH?

A

all LUTS:- hesitancy- weak flow- urgency- frequency- intermittency- straining- terminal dribbling- incomplete emptying- nocturia

21
Q

which examinations are needed in suspected BPH?

A
  • DRE| - abdo exam (check for palpable bladder)
22
Q

investigations for BPH?

A

NAME?

23
Q

common causes of a raised PSA?

A

NAME?

24
Q

findings on DRE in prostate Ca?

A

NAME?

25
Q

findings on DRE of a benign prostate?

A

NAME?

26
Q

management of BPH?

A

NAME?

27
Q

what are the different surgical management options for BPH?

A
  • transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)- transurethral electrovaporisation of the prostate (TEVAP / TUVP)- holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)- open prostatectomy
28
Q

key side effect to know of tamsulosin (and other a-blockers)?

A

postural hypotension

29
Q

key side effect of finasteride?

A

sexual dysfunction (ED)

30
Q

complications of TURP?

A

NAME?

MBBS Y5 (27 decks)

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