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T2 lecture anatomy and physiology > ch6pt2 > Flashcards

ch6pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

skin color is influence by (2)

A

pigments and blood flow

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2
Q

pigments affecting skin color

A

carotene and melanin

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3
Q

can be converted to vitamin A, accumulates in epidermal cells and fatty tissues of dermis

A

carotene

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4
Q

produced by melanocytes in s. basale, stored in transport vesicles (melanosomes), transferred to keratinocytes

A

melanin

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5
Q

yellowish pigment waste, cleaned by liver

A

bilirubin

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6
Q

protects skin from sun damage (UV radiation)

A

melanin production from melanocytes

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7
Q

pigment found in RBC (red blood cells)

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

oxygen bound to hemoglobin turns blood

A

bright red

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9
Q

severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation. appears first in lips and nails

A

cyanosis (bluish skin tint)

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10
Q

epidermal cells produce ______ in the presence of UV radiation

A

vitamin D3/cholecalciferol

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11
Q

__________ convert vitamin D3 into ________

A

liver and kidneys; calcitriol

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12
Q

vitamin D3 helps with the absorption of

A

calcium and phosphorus

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13
Q

can cause rickets (weak/bendy bones)

A

insufficient vitamin D3

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14
Q

between epidermis and hypodermis/subcutaneous

A

dermis

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15
Q

anchors hair follicles and sweat glands. provides nutrients to epidermis using diffusion

A

dermis

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16
Q

two components of dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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17
Q

areolar connective tissue. contains small capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons.

A

papillary layer

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18
Q

_________ project up between epidermal ridges in papillary layer

A

dermal papillae

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19
Q

deeper layer of dermis. dense irregular connective tissue.

A

reticular layer

20
Q

contains larger blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers. contains collagen and elastic fibers

A

reticular layer

21
Q

has nerves

A

innervated

22
Q

nerves fibers in skin control

A

blood flow, gland secretions

23
Q

two types of sensory receptors

A

tactile corpuscles and lamellated corpuscles

24
Q

sensory receptors in dermal papillae. sense lighter touches. aka Meissner’s corpuscles

A

tactile corpuscles

25
Q

sensory receptors in reticular layer of dermis. sense deep pressure and vibration. aka Pacinian corpuscles

A

lamellated corpuscles

26
Q

hypodermis (subcutaneous) layer is comprised of

A

connective tissue and adipose tissue

27
Q

insulation, energy reserves, shock absorber and stabilizer

A

adipose tissue

28
Q

hypodermis is connected to the reticular layer by

A

interwoven collagen fibers

29
Q

covers everywhere except palms, soles, lips, and parts of external genitalia

A

hair

30
Q

located deep in dermis, wrapped in dense connective tissue sheath

A

hair follicle

31
Q

base of hair follicle surrounded by sensory nerves

A

root hair plexus

32
Q

involuntary smoot muscle connected to hair root

A

arrector pili

33
Q

secretes sebum, lubricates, controls bacteria

A

sebaceous glands

34
Q

anchors hair, lower part beneath surface

A

hair root

35
Q

exposed part of hair, not attached to the integument

A

hair shaft

36
Q

part of hair containing capillaries

A

hair papilla

37
Q

swollen region/base of hair

A

hair bulb

38
Q

hair bulb produces _______ (dividing basal cells)

A

hair matrix

39
Q

determined by genes. produced by melanocytes near hair papilla

A

hair color

40
Q

types of hair (2)

A

vellus hairs and terminal hairs

41
Q

soft, fine hairs. covers body

A

vellus hairs

42
Q

thick, may be heavily pigmented hair. on head, eyebrows, and lashes. spreads after puberty

A

terminal hairs

43
Q

glands which secrete oils onto the skin

A

sebaceous glands

44
Q

types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands

A

apocrine glands and merocrine (eccrine) glands

45
Q

Sudoriferous glands which excrete watery sweat

A

merocrine (eccrine) glands

46
Q

sebaceous gland associated with hair follicles

A

simple branched alveolar glands

47
Q

discharges sebum directly onto skin surface

A

sebaceous follicles

T2 lecture anatomy and physiology (5 decks)

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