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Medical Terminology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

A state of equilibrium that is maintained in the bodies, internal environment to support and sustain life.

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2
Q

what are two examples of homeostasis?

A

The body’s production of insulin and the adjustment of body temperature.

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3
Q

What is anatomical terminology?

A

Terms that are used to describe the human body.

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4
Q

What do anatomical terms describe?

A

Specific locations, positions or directions of the human body

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5
Q

What are three examples of anatomical terms?

A

Anterior posterior superior

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6
Q

What is the terminology breakdown and definition of anatomy?

A

Ana- apart
Tome- to cut

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7
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic building blocks of the human body there are several different cells in the human body, and each has a specific purpose.

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8
Q

What are the eight organizational levels of the human body in order?

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

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9
Q

What are three examples of atoms?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

What are three examples of molecules?

A

Sugars, proteins, and water

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11
Q

What are three examples of organelles?

A

Mitochondria nucleus and ribosomes

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12
Q

What are three types of cells?

A

Epithelial cell, nerve cell and muscle cell

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13
Q

What are four examples of tissues?

A

Epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and connective tissue

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14
Q

What are three examples of organs?

A

Lungs brain stomach

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15
Q

What are four examples of organ systems?

A

Respiratory system, nervous system digestive system, and circulatory system

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16
Q

What are three examples of organisms

A

Human organism, elephant organism , lion organism

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17
Q

What is the definition of tissue?

A

A grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function.

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18
Q

What are the four types of tissue found in the human body?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues

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19
Q

What are epithelial tissue?

A

Forms the outer surfaces of the body and line the body cavities as well has the tubes that leads to the exterior of the body .

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20
Q

what are six of the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, sensation, secretion, absorption ,excretion, and diffusion

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21
Q

How does epithelial tissue perform protection?

A

Protects the outer skin by forming a physical barrier over underlying tissue

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22
Q

How does epithelial tissue function sensation?

A

Forms specialized cells in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue to help the body interprets sensory stimuli

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23
Q

How does epithelial cells function in secretion?

A

Secretes substances, such as hormones, enzymes, and lubricating fluid via various glands

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24
Q

How does epithelial cells function absorption?

A

Lines the small intestine and aid the body in absorbing nutrients from food

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25
Q

How to epithelial cells function in excretion?

A

Excrete waste products in the kidneys and sweat from the skin

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26
Q

How do epithelial cells function in diffusion?

A

Found in the lungs and capillaries where diffusion of gases liquids and nutrients occur

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27
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Builds the support for the bodies organs and muscles sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. It is the most abundant tissue in the body.

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28
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Forms the muscles throughout the body

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29
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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30
Q

What is the function of the skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntarily controlled and is used by the body for movement and posture

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31
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary muscle and is found in organs such as the esophagus, stomach intestine and bladder. It is not under conscious control, and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

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32
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Found in the heart and is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system

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33
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Functions to communicate throughout the body. Nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity. nervous tissue coordinates and controls the functions of the body.

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34
Q

What are organs?

A

Structures in the body that perform specific purposes.

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35
Q

What are body systems?

A

Group of different organs functioning together for a common purpose.

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36
Q

Function of the Integumentary System?

A

Protective membrane, temperature, regulator, and sensory receptor

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37
Q

Function of skeletal system

A
  • framework and movement
    -Shape, support, protect and storage place for minerals. Makes movement possible
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38
Q

Function of the muscular system?

A

-Framework and movement
- produce movement, maintain posture and produce heat

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39
Q

Function of the nervous system?

A

-Communication and control
-transmits impulses, respond to change , responsible for communication and exercises control over all parts of the body.

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40
Q

Function of the endocrine system?

A

-communication and control
- glands produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide communication and control throughout the body

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41
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system?

A

-Transportation and immunity
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones and removes waste products.

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42
Q

Function of the blood and lymphatic system?

A

-Transportation and immunity
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. Stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids

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43
Q

Function of Respiratory system?

A

-Distribution and elimination
-furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste products, carbon dioxide.

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44
Q

Function of digestive system?

A

-distribution and elimination
-digestion, absorption, and elimination

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45
Q

Function of the urinary system?

A

-distribution and elimination
-produces urine, transport and eliminates urine
The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance in the body.

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46
Q

Function of Reproductive system?

A

-Cycle of life
-responsible for sexual characteristics of a male and/or female. Proper functioning insured survival of the human race

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47
Q

What are the characteristics of anatomical position?

A
  • body standing upright
  • head facing forward
  • arms extended by side of body
  • the palms facing frontward
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48
Q

Left and right view?

A

Left and right are based on the subject’s point of view rather than from the Point of view of the observer.

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49
Q

What is a body plane?

A

Imaginary sections used to describe the location of body part and study the human body

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50
Q

What are the 4 types of body planes?

A

Sagittal,
midsagittal,
transverse/horizontal,
frontal/coronal

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51
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

Divides the body or structure vertically into left and right sections

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52
Q

Describe the midsagittal plane

A

Divides body or structure into equal left and right halves at the midline

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53
Q

Describe the transverse/horizontal plane

A

Divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections

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54
Q

Describe the coronal/ frontal plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior section
- right angle to the midsagittal plane

55
Q

Definition of superior?

A

Above, in an upward direction, toward the head.

56
Q

Example of superior direction?

A

The neck is superior to the abdomen

57
Q

Definition of inferior (infer/o)?

A

Below, in a downward direction ; more toward the feet

58
Q

Example of inferior direction

A

The feet is inferior to the abdomen

59
Q

Definition of anterior (anterior/o)

A

In front of, before, the front side of the body

60
Q

Definition of posterior (poster/o)?

A

Toward the back, the backside of the body

61
Q

Example of anterior direction

A

The nose is located on anterior side of head

62
Q

Example of posterior direction

A

The buttock is on posterior side of the body

63
Q

Definition of cephalic (cephalic/o)?

A

Pertaining to the head, superior in position

64
Q

Example of cephalic direction

A

-Collar bone is cephalic to the sternum.
-when a fetus has a cephalic presentation at birth, it means that any part of the head is the presenting part.

65
Q

Definition of Caudal (caud/o)?

A

Pertaining to the tail, inferior in position

66
Q

Example of caudal direction?

A

-The cauda equine is a specific part of the spinal cord that is located at the bottom
-sternum is caudal to the collar bone

67
Q

Definition of medial (medi/o)?

A

Nearest to the midline or middle

68
Q

Example of medial direction?

A

The umbilicus is in the medial area of the abdomen

69
Q

Definition of lateral (later/o)

A

To the side, away from the middle

70
Q

Example of lateral direction

A

The arms are lateral to the abdomen

71
Q

Definition of proximal (proxim/o)?

A

Nearest to the point of origin (point of attachment)

72
Q

Example of proximal

A

The elbow is proximal to the hand

73
Q

Definition of distal (dist/o)?

A

Away from the point of attachment , far from the point of origin

74
Q

Example of distal direction ?

A

The hand is distal to the elbow

75
Q

Definition of deep?

A

Further below the surface

76
Q

Example of deep direction

A

The deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that covers the muscles, nerves, and vessels

77
Q

Definition of superficial?

A

Nearer the surface

78
Q

Example of superficial direction

A

The superficial brachial artery is an artery in the arm that is above the medial nerve

79
Q

Body cavity

A

Hallow space that contain organs
- enclosed with membrane that are specific to the Cavity that they contain

80
Q

Cavities of the posterior side

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

81
Q

Cavities of the anterior side

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

82
Q

2 sections of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum and pleural cavity

83
Q

Describe the cranial cavity , how is it protected ?

A

Contains the brain; protected by the meninges and the skull

84
Q

Describe the spinal cavity ; how is it protected?

A

Contain the spinal cord; protected by the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and is also covered by the meninges

85
Q

What protects the thoracic cavity?

A

The ribs

86
Q

What organs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum: heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta , and thymus gland

Pleural cavities : lungs

87
Q

What membrane covers the pleural cavity?

A

Pleural

88
Q

What membrane covers the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum

89
Q

The layers that cover the viscera and the cavities

A

Visceral layer and parietal layer

90
Q

What organs are located in The abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, liver , spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

91
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity?

A

Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and the last section of large intestine

92
Q

Organs of the pelvic cavity ?

A

Reproductive organs
Male: prostate glands, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and the vas deferens
Female: vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tube

93
Q

Structure that divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

A

Diaphragm

94
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions and locations

A

Right hypocho -epigastric- left hypocho

Right lumbar- umbilical- left lumbar

Right iliac- Hypogastric- Left iliac

95
Q

Connections in the abdominal regions

A

Right hypochondriac connects to the sternum via cartilage

Right iliac is near the groin

Right lumbar is near the waist

96
Q

What are the 4 clinical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

97
Q

What organs are in the right upper quadrant?

A

Majority of the liver, right kidney, portion of large intestine, small portion of pancreas , gallbladder, and section of the small intestine.

98
Q

What organs are in the right lower quadrant?

A

Portion of the large intestine and small intestine, the right ureter, appendix, and female (right ovary and right fallopian tube)

99
Q

What organs are in The left upper quadrant?

A

Small portion of liver, the spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of the pancreas , and portion of the small and large intestine.

100
Q

What organs are in the left lower quadrant?

A

Portion of the small and large intestine, left ureter and female( left ovary and left uterine tube)

101
Q

Purpose of body area terminology?

A

Helpful in describing specific areas of the surface of the body

102
Q

Abdomin/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

103
Q

Ante- + cubit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the front of the elbow

104
Q

Axillary

A

Underarm area

105
Q

Brachi/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the arm

106
Q

Cervic/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the neck

107
Q

Crani/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the skull

108
Q

Femor/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the femur/ thigh

109
Q

Genit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the genitals

110
Q

Glute/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the buttock

111
Q

Inguin/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the groin

112
Q

The lower extremity

A

The entire leg

113
Q

Nas/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the nose

114
Q

Orbit/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the eye socket

115
Q

Or/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the mouth

116
Q

Ot/o + ic

A

Pertaining to the ear

117
Q

Palmar

A

The palm of the hand

118
Q

Patell/o + -ar

A

Pertaining to the knee caps

119
Q

Pelv/o + ic

A

Pertaining the the pelvis

120
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

121
Q

Popliteal

A

The area behind the knee

122
Q

Scapula/o + ar

A

Pertaining to the shoulder blade

123
Q

Stern/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the sternum

124
Q

Thorac/o + -ic

A

Pertaining to the chest/lungs

125
Q

Trunk

A

The torso (not including the arms and legs)

126
Q

Umbilical

A

The region around the naval

127
Q

Upper extremity

A

The entire arm

128
Q

Vertebr/o + -al

A

Pertaining to the spine

129
Q

Purpose of body position terminology

A

Describes the position of the body; frequently used in surgical positioning

130
Q

4 types of body position terminology

A

Prone, supine, lithotomy, Fowler

131
Q

Prone

A

Body positioned horizontally and face down; back oriented superiorly

132
Q

Supine

A

Body positioned horizontally and face up; back oriented inferiorly

133
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Supine position in which buttock is at end of examination table .
- hips and knees are flexed and feet are supported by stirrups
- frequently used in gynecological surgeries/exams

134
Q

Fowler position

A

Also called semi-recumbent position

Supine position ; but the head of the bed is elevated 45 degrees

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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