P4. Learning Theories

Question 1

3 theorists in Behaviorist Theory:

Answer 1

1. John Watson
2. Watson & Guthrie
3. Thorndike & Skinner

Question 2

• muscle movement
• objective

Answer 2

John Watson

Question 3

• Contiguity theory
• series of conditioned responses

Answer 3

Watson & Guthrie

Question 4

• reinforcement theory
• reward & punishment

Answer 4

Thorndike & Skinner

Question 5

4 theorists in Cognitive Theory:

Answer 5

1. Breur
2. Feden, 1994
3. Ausubel, 1963
4. Rumelhart, 1980

Question 6

novice becomes EXPERT

Answer 6

Breur

Question 7

• constructs meaning based on PRIOR KNOWLEDGE & view of the world
• Domain specific learning

Answer 7

Feden, 1994

Question 8

• earlist model of cognitive learning
• SUBSUMPTION THEORY OF MEANINGFUL VERBAL LEARNING

Answer 8

Ausubel, 1963

Question 9

• new information subsumed [integrated]
• cognitive learning is ORGANIZED & DIFFERENTIATED
• REPETITION [enhances retention]

Answer 9

Ausubel, 1963

Question 11

• schema/ schemata
• “All knowledge is packaged into units. These units are schemata.

Answer 11

Rumelhart, 1980

Question 12

3 kinds of learning based on SCHEMA THEORY

Answer 12

1. Accretion
2. Tuning (Schema evolution)
3. Restructuring (Schema creation)

Question 13

• The learning of facts
• New information is added to existing schemata
• No changes are made to existing knowledge

Answer 13

Accretion

Question 14

Existing schema evolve or refined throughout the lifespan as new situations and issues are encountered

Answer 14

Tuning (schema evolution)

Question 15

Development if new schemata by copying an old schema and adding new elements that are different to create a new schema

Answer 15

Restructuring (schema creation)

Question 16

1 theorist in Social Learning theory

Answer 16

Albert Bandura, 1977

Question 17

• Observational Learning Theory.
• interaction among the person and environment.

Answer 17

Albert Bandura, 1977

Question 18

8 Types of Learning: Gagne’s Conditions of Learning:

Answer 18

1. Signal Learning (Conditioned response)
2. Stimulus-response Learning
3. Chaining
4. Verbal Association
5. Discrimination Learning
6. Concept Learning
7. Rule Learning
8. Problem solving

Question 20

• Simplest level of learning
• Person develops a general diffuse reaction to a stimulus

Answer 20

Signal Learning (conditioned response)

Question 20

Acquisition of a series of related conditioned responses or stimulus-response connections (i.e what would you do if you can’t locate the vein? Tighten the tourniquet)

Answer 20

Chaining

Question 20

• Developing a voluntary response to a specific stimulus or combination of stimuli

Answer 20

Stimulus-Response Learnin

Question 20

• Type of chaining
• Process of learning medical terminology (i.e Hema=blood (t) oma=swelling

Answer 20

Verbal Association

Question 20

• The more new chains that are learned, the easier it is to forget previous chains
• To retain large number of chains, you need to discriminate among them

Answer 20

Discrimination Learning

Question 20

Learning how to classify stimuli into groups represented by a common concept

Answer 20

Concept Learning

Question 21

• chain of concepts or a relationship between concepts
• “If…. And then ..” relationships

Answer 21

Rule learning

Question 22

• Highest level of learning
• Applying previously learned rules that relate to situation
• Process of formulating and testing hypotheses

Answer 22

Problem solving