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Immunology > B cell Development and Immunity > Flashcards

B cell Development and Immunity Flashcards

should you add lymph node pathways

1
Q

Describe phase 1 of development

A

Repertoire formation: generation of diverse and clonally selected B cell receptors

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2
Q

Where does it take place?

A

in bone marrow

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3
Q

Describe Phase 2

A

negative selection: alteration, inactivation. or elimination of self reactive B cell receptors

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4
Q

Describe phase 3 of development

A

positive selection: small fraction of B cells selected to become mature B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues

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5
Q

Phase 4 of development

A

Searching for infection: Recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues

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6
Q

Phase 5 of development

A

Finding infection: Activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen-derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

Phase 6 of development

A

Attacking infection: Differentation to antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

How many cells per day begin the process becoming a B cell?

A

2.5 billion

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9
Q

How many cells/day die because they fail to productively rearrange Ig or are self reactive?

A

55 billion

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10
Q

how many exit the bone marrow, as mature naive B cells per day?

A

30 billion

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11
Q

What is a naive B cell?

A

has not yet encountered cognate antigen

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12
Q

How long can naive B cells circulate?

A

2-3 days

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13
Q

what happens if naive B cells don’t find antigen?

A

they die

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14
Q

where do they encounter antigen? what happens when they do?

A

spleen or lympg nodes; undergo further differentiation if they see their match

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15
Q

What is a critical step in B cell survival?

A

Producing heavy chain, using surrogate light chain to test it’s integrity

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16
Q

What does the combination of a rearranged light chain and surrogate heavy chain indicate?

A

end of heavy chain rearrangement, cell survival and cell proliferation

17
Q

When does light chain rearrangement begin?

A

after the rearranged heavy chain binds to the light surrogate light chain

18
Q

Describe heavy chain rearrangement

A

DJ occurs on both chromosomes, V-DJ attempted first on chromosome 1, then on chromosome 2, then apoptosis if unsuccessful

19
Q

Describe light chain rearrangement

A

VJ rearrangement attempted first on kappa gene on chromosomes 1 and 2, then lambda gene on chromosomes 1 and 2, then apoptosis if unsuccessful

20
Q

Describe the difference between autoreactive and non-autoreactive T cells.

A

immune cells that are self-reactive are retained in the bone marrow, whereas those that are not mature to express IgD and IgM

21
Q

what enzyme is responsible for class switching? What else is it responsible for?

A

AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase

somatic hypermutation

22
Q

When can somatic hypermutation take place?

A

during class switching

23
Q

What happens when germinal center centrocytes bind with low afinity to surface immunoglobin?

A

B cell receptor is not cross-linked and the centrocyte cannot present antigen to T cell

24
Q

what happens when germinal center centrocytes bind with high affinity to surface Ig?

A

B-cell receptor is cross-linked and antigen is presented to helper T cell.

25
Q

What does IL-4 induce? What does it inhibit?

A

IgG1, IgE;

IgM, IgG2a, IgG3

26
Q

What does IL-5 do?

A

augments IgA production

27
Q

What does IFN-gamma induce? Inhibit?

A

IgG3, IgG2a

IgM, IgG1, IgE

28
Q

What does TGF-Beta induce? Inhibit?

A

IgG2b, IgA

IgM, IgG3

29
Q

What happens when antigen-selected centrocytes mature under the influence of IL-10 secreting helper T cells?

A

Centrocytes differentiate into plasma cells; make antibodies that fight and terminate current infection

30
Q

What hapens when antigen selected centrocytes mature under the influence of IL-4?

A

Centrocytes differentiate into memory B cells act as an investment that prevents further infections from causing disease

31
Q

what is the germinal center?

A

collection of B cells (centrocytes) that proliferate and receive antigen from the follicular dendritic cells and interact with helper T cells

32
Q

What is special about follicular dendritic cells?

A

They are actually not dendritic cells at all, they just have dendrites on them

33
Q

What is an HEV?

A

High endothelial venule, serves as a point of entry for B cells and T cells into the lymph node

Immunology (7 decks)

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