Lecture 23/24 - lower limb Flashcards
Identify, name, classify and orientate all bones in the pelvic girdle, thigh and leg
a. Pelvic girdle
i. Ilium (largest)
ii. Pubis (inner)
iii. Acetabulum (central)
iv. Ischium (outer)
b. Thigh
i. Femur – largest and longest bone
c. Leg
i. Tibia – larger and weight bearing bone
ii. Fibula – thinner smaller bone
Identify key bony landmarks of all the bones in the pelvic girdle, thigh and leg
a. Pelvic girdle
i. Anterior superior iliac spine
ii. Greater sciatic notch
iii. Pubic tubercle
b. Thigh
i. Head, neck and intercondylar notch/fossa and end of bone
c. Leg
i. Tibial tuberosity (middle of anterior tibia)
ii. Fibular head (top of fibula)
iii. Medial malleolus (inner little bit of bone pocking out on tibia)
iv. Lateral malleolus (little bit of overhanging bone on fibula)
Identify, name, classify and orientate the major bone groups in the foot
a. From ankle to toes
i. Tarsals (calcaneus and talus)
ii. Metatarsals
iii. Phalanges
Orientate the foot and ankle complex and describe basic functions
a. Inversion and eversion (subtalar and midtarsal region)
b. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (talocrural joint)
Identify, name, classify and describe the major articulations of lower limb
a. Hip joint (synovial ball and socket joint)
b. Knee joint (synovial hinge joint)
c. Ankle joint (talocrural joint – synovial hinge joint)
d. Subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint – synovial plane joint)
Deduce and describe the movements possible at the major articulations of the lower limb
a. Hip = extension and flexion
b. Knee = flexion and extension
c. Hip = abduction of femur on fixed pelvis, gluteus Medius and gluteus minimums, abduction, adduction, internal/external rotation
d. Ankle = dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Identify the major compartments and regions of the lower limb
o Thigh
o Knee
o Leg
o Ankle and foot
o Gluteal region
o Pelvic region
Identify, name and describe the basic functions of the pelvic girdle muscles and the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh muscles
o Pelvic girdle
Gluteus maximus – hip extensor
Gluteus Medius and minimums – hip abductors
o Thigh
Anterior
* Sartorius
* Quadriceps femoris
Posterior
* Semitendinosus
* Semimembranosus
* Biceps femoris
Medial
* Adductor muscles
Deduce basic actions of muscles in the lower limb given their anatomical relationship to joints
Hip joint actions
Hip flexors
Hip extensors
Hip abductors
Hip adductors
Knee joint actions
Knee extensors
Knee flexors
Ankle and foot actions
Dorsiflexors
Plantarflexes
Investors and evertors
Toe flexors and extensors
Identify and name the major arteries and veins in the lower limb
o External iliac artery
o Femoral artery
o Popliteal artery
Describe key landmarks/features relevant to the basic pathway of major vessels in the lower limb
o Aorta and common iliac arteries
o External iliac artery
o Inguinal ligament
o Femoral artery
o Adductor canal
o Popliteal artery
o Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
o Dorsalis pedis artery
o Medial and lateral plantar arteries
o Superficial and deep veins
Describe the basic organization of the lumbar and lumbosacral plexus
o The lumbar plexus contributes to the formation of the lumbosacral plexus, with nerves like the femoral nerve continuing into the pelvis to join sacral nerves.
o The lumbosacral plexus plays a crucial role in innervating the lower limb, controlling movements, and conveying sensory information from the lower limb and pelvic region
o Both plexuses are integral for the function of the lower extremities, including walking, sensation, and reflexes. Injuries or disorders affecting these plexuses can lead to a range of motor and sensory deficits in the lower limb
Identify the major peripheral nerves branches that supply the lower limb musculature
o Femoral nerve
o Obturator nerve
o Sciatic nerve
o Common fibular nerve
o Tibial nerve
