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Abnormal Psychology > Exam #1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam #1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Supernatural View

A

Abnormal behavior caused by the supernatural

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2
Q

Biological View

A

-Natural View
-Thoughts, behavior, & intellect relied on 4 fluids (“Humors”) flowing throughout the body

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3
Q

Psychological View

A

-Moral Therapy
-Treating patients normally; encouraging social interaction & elimination of isolation/restraints

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4
Q

Stigma

A

-When negative stereotyping, labeling, rejection, & loss of status occur
-Public vs. Self

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5
Q

Elements of Abnormality

A

-Deviancy
-Suffering/Distress
-Impairment/Dysfunction
-Dangerousness

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of the frequency, causes, and distribution of disorders in populations

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7
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of active cases in population during any given period of time

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7
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases in a population over a given period of time

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8
Q

Comorbidity

A

When two or more disorders are occurring at the same time and in the same person

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9
Q

Prognosis

A

Anticipated course, “outlook” for how the disorder will progress

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10
Q

Etiology

A

Cause(s) of a disorder, disease, or condition (social, biological, or psychological)

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11
Q

Id

A

-Pleasure principle (Devil)
-Impulsive, subconscious, animal instinct

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12
Q

Ego

A

-Reality Principle
-Mediator between id & superego

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13
Q

Superego

A

-Moral Compass (Angel)
-Consciences representative of societal views

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14
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A

Thing that causes a response with out prior experience; instinctual

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15
Q

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A

Reaction naturally caused by US; no prior experience

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16
Q

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A

does not naturally cause response

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17
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

Formerly NS that causes response after repeated pairing with US

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18
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

Reaction to stimulus learned through repeated pairing

19
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Adding to increase behavior

20
Q

Positive Punishment

A

Adding to decrease behavior

21
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Taking away to increase behavior

22
Q

Negative Punishment

A

Taking away to decrease behavior

23
Q

Social / observational learning

A

Learning through the observation of others

24
Q

Schema

A

Underlying set of beliefs and expectations that guide processing of information

25
Q

Attribution

A

Process of assigning causes to things that happen

26
Q

Attributional Style

A

Characteristic way that individuals may assign causes to bad/good events

27
Q

Socio-cultural Factors

A

Gender, socioeconomic status, & minority status

28
Q

Developmental paradigm

A

Early experiences, especially with parents likely influence later psychopathology

29
Q

Genetic contributions to psychopathology

A

-Genotype & Prenatal Environment
-Some genes have been linked to psychological disorders but most are polygenic

30
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

Genetic makeup and environmental triggers interact in creating behavior

31
Q

How environment, brain functioning, and behavior all influence one another

A

Can change the brain

32
Q

Equifinality

A

A behavior may have several causes

33
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency

34
Q

Validity

A

Testing what it is supposed to be testing

35
Q

Standardization

A

-Assessments given the same way
-Collecting outcomes (norms) to compare

36
Q

Categorical Diagnosis

A

Fit in a category or do not

37
Q

Dimensional Diagnosis

A

Can fall anywhere on continuum

38
Q

Mania

A

-Hospitalization or severe impairement
-One week

39
Q

Hypomania

A

4 days

40
Q

Depressive

A

Daily symptoms for at least two weeks

41
Q

Bipolar I

A

-More severe highs
-Hospitalization
-Does not include depressive episodes

42
Q

Bipolar II

A

Includes depressive episodes

43
Q

Cognitive Triad for Depression

A

Thoughts about self, world, and future

44
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

State that occurs after an individual has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly

45
Q

Gender Differences in Suicide

A

-Women more likely to attempt
-Men more likely to complete

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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