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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 6B > Flashcards

Section 6B Flashcards

1
Q

Mangroves

A

intertidal salt tolerant tree or shrub if tropical coastlines; black and red

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2
Q

Mangal

A

forest of mangroves

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3
Q

Arial Root

A

root that occurs above the ground

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4
Q

Stilt Root

A

aerial roots that hold up mangroves

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5
Q

Prop Root

A

stilt root that arises from the trunk

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6
Q

Drop Root

A

stilt root that arises from a branch

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7
Q

Lenticels

A

scar like openings on the surface of the roots that supply oxygen to the root system

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8
Q

Anchor Roots

A

short branches from the main root that hold the tree in the sediment

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9
Q

Nutritive Roots

A

the finest divisions of roots for absorption of minerals

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10
Q

Cable Roots

A

subterranean horizontal part of a root system that extends from the trunk

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11
Q

Pneumatophores

A

aeriel roots that grow out of the sediment from a cable root and provide air to the root

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12
Q

Stomata

A

is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange

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13
Q

Propagule

A

dispersal stage of mangrove

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14
Q

Hypocotyl

A

initial stem of young plant

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15
Q

4 Characteristics of Animals

A
  1. multicellular
  2. eukaryotic & lack cell walls
  3. cannot produce their own food
  4. can actively move (at some point in their life history)
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16
Q

Invertebrates

A

animal that lacks a backbone

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17
Q

Vertebrates

A

animals that have a backbone

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18
Q

Sponges (Phylum Porifera)

A

simple asymmetrical sessile animals

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19
Q

Sessile

A

permanently attached to a solid surface

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20
Q

Ostia

A

holes in a body of sponges through which water enters

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21
Q

Spongocoel

A

cavity in the body of a sponge

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22
Q

Osculum

A

opening through which sponge expels water

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23
Q

Tissue

A

group of specialized sells that function together as a unit

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24
Q

Collar Cells (Choanocytes)

A

flagellate cells in a sponge that circulates water and traps food

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25
Q

Pinacocytes

A

cells that make up the outer covering of a sponge and like the internal chambers not lines by choanocytes

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26
Q

Archaocytes

A

cells that form any of the cells types in a sponges body

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27
Q

Spicules

A

structures that support a sponges body; made of CaCO3, silica, or spongin

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28
Q

Spongin

A

a protein that makes up flexible spicules

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29
Q

Sponge Body Forms

A

size limited by ability to circulate water and body form

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30
Q

Asconoid

A

type of sponge body that lacks invagination; simple, tubular, small, found in clusters

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31
Q

Syconoid

A

type of sponge body with single spongocoel many invagination; pockets lines with choanocytes

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32
Q

Leuconoid

A

type of sponge with multiple spongocoels and chambers leading to them; chambers lined with choanocytes, most complex/largest sponges

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33
Q

Suspension Feeder

A

organism that feeds on food suspended in the water (20% of feeding via phagocytosis)

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34
Q

Filter Feeders

A

filters plankton or nutrients suspended in water

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35
Q

Budding

A

type of sexual reproduction in which a group of cells on the surface of the parent develop into a new individual

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36
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

animals that can produce both male and female gametes

Sperm- drones from modified choanocytes
Eggs- usually develop from archaeocytes

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37
Q

Photoperiod

A

relative amount of light and darkness in a 24 hour period

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38
Q

Sponge Competition

A

compete with corals and bryozoans; make chemicals that kill corals

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39
Q

Sponge Predators

A

silica spicules inhibit grazing; fed on by a few fish and molluscs and hawksbill sea turtles

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40
Q

Sponge Symbiosis

A

symbiotic bacteria, cyanobacteria, shrimp, and fishes

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41
Q

Cnidarian

A

animal that belongs to phylum Cnidaria

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42
Q

Cnidocyte

A

stinging cell found in all cnidarians

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43
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

organization of body parts around a central axis

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44
Q

Polyp

A

generally benthic form of cnidarian characterized by a cylindrical body with an opening at one end, usually surrounded by tentacles

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45
Q

Medusa

A

free floating form of a cnidarian that resembles an umbrella

46
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of cells

47
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

large cavity found within the body of some animals

48
Q

Gastrodermis

A

layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity

49
Q

Masoglea

A

gelatinous material found between the epidermis and gastrodermis

50
Q

Cnida

A

stinging organelle of a cnidocyte

51
Q

Nematocyst

A

spearing type of cnida

52
Q

Cnidocil

A

shirt bristle like structure that acts as a trigger for a cnidocyte

53
Q

Hydrozoans(hydroids)

A

mostly colonial cnidarian that belong to class hydrozoa

  • composed of individual members that are physically connected and adapted to share resources (food)
54
Q

Feeding Polyp(gastrozooid)

A

polyp in a hydrozoan colony that captures food for the colony

55
Q

Reproductive Polyp(gonogium)

A

polyp in a hydrozoan colony that asexually reproduces hydrozoan medusae

56
Q

Scyphozoans (true jellyfish)

A

cnidarian known as jellyfish belonging to the class schyphpzoa

57
Q

Photoreceptors

A

light sensing organs; use to determine light or dark

58
Q

Cubozoans(box jellyfish)

A

cnidarian known as box jellyfish belonging to the class cubozoa

59
Q

Anthozoans(anemonies, corals, gorganians)

A

benthic cnidarians belonging to the class anthozoa; sessile

60
Q

Sedentary

A

animals they can move but spend the majority of time staying in one please

61
Q

Acrorhagi

A

specialized tentacles found in some anemones that are used to prevent other anemones from getting too close

62
Q

Scleractinian Corals

A

corals with hard skeletons of CaCO3

63
Q

Octocorals

A

soft corals whose polyps have 8 tentacles

64
Q

Gorgonians

A

soft corals that belong to the order gorgonacea

65
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

functions both in digestion and movement of materials; waste forced back through the mouth

66
Q

Reproduction in Hydrozoans

A

Asexual - Polyps
Sexual - Medusa

67
Q

Planular Larvae

A

planktonic larval stage of a cnidarian

68
Q

Reproduction in Scyphozoans

A

sexes generally separate; medusa l sexual stage, produce planula larvae, form polyp, produce medusa like buds by asexual reproduction

69
Q

Reproduction in Anthozoans

A

Asexual is common

70
Q

Pedal Laceration

A

type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which a period of the animals base (pedal disk) is broken off and field a new individual

71
Q

Fission

A

type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which the anime splits into two

72
Q

Ctenophores (cone jellies)

A

gelatinous zooplankton belonging to the phylum ctenophora

  • nearly transparent; either rows of comb plates
73
Q

Ctenes

A

cells of cilia used by ctenophores for locomotion

74
Q

Statocyst

A

an organ found in some animals that helps them maintain equilibrium

75
Q

Colloblasts

A

adhesive cells on the tentacles of ctenophores and are used to capture pray

76
Q

Cydippid Larva

A

planktonic larvae of a ctenophore

77
Q

Midsaggital Plane

A

plane through the midline of the central axis of an animal

78
Q

Flatworms (phylum platyhelminthes)

A

flattened bodies and exhibit bilateral symmetry

79
Q

Cephalization

A

evolutionary process whereby sense organs become concentrated in a head of an animal

80
Q

Turbellarians

A

non parasitic flat forms

81
Q

Meiofauna

A

tiny invertebrates that live in spaces between sediment particles

82
Q

Flukes

A

parasitic flatworms with complex life cycles

83
Q

Tapeworms

A

parasitic flatworms that live in the intestines of animals

84
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

sense organs that can detect chemicals in the environment; used to detect prey

85
Q

Pharynx

A

muscular tube that forms part of an animals digestive system; used to invest prey

86
Q

Ribbon Worms (Phylum Nemertea)

A

animals with ribbon like bodies

87
Q

Proboscis

A

tube like structure used by ribbon works to capture prey

88
Q

Lophophorates

A

sessile animals belonging to several phyla (phloronida, ectoprocta, brachiopoda) that share commons feature of a feeding device

89
Q

Lophophore

A

an arrangement of cilliated tentacles that function in feeding and gas exchange

90
Q

Phoronids

A

worm like animals belonging to phylum phoronida; feed on plankton and have planktonic larval structure

91
Q

Bryozoans

A

small animals belonging to the phylum ectoproctra; colonial individuals are known as ZOOIDS

92
Q

Brachiopod

A

animal belonging to phylum brachiopoda; resembles a bivalve mollusc

93
Q

Molluscs

A

animals that belong to the phylum mollusca; one of the largest and successful phylum’s and animals (chitons, snails, clams, octopods, squid)

94
Q

Head Foot

A

part of the molluscan body that contains the animals head and a muscular foot

95
Q

Visceral Mass

A

part of the molluscan body that contains all of the organs; with the exception of the animals head and foot

96
Q

Mantle

A

tissue found in mollsucs that’s responsible for forming the shell in animals that have one and that in cephalopods functions in locomotion

97
Q

Mantle Cavity

A

space between the mantle and the molluscs body

98
Q

Radula

A

ribbon of tissue that contains teeth; present in all molluscs except bivalves

99
Q

Periostracum

A

outermost layer of a molluscan shell

100
Q

Conchiolin

A

protein that makes up the periostracum

101
Q

Prismatic Layer

A

middle layer of the shell made of protein and CaCo3

102
Q

Chitons

A

members of the molluscan class polyplacophora and they have flattened bodies that are most often covered by either shell plates

herbivores and feeds with radula

103
Q

Scaphopods

A

members of the molluscan class scaphopoda commonly called tusk shells

buried in sediment and feeds with tentacles

104
Q

Gastropods

A

members of molluscan class Gastropoda

most shelled; single piece called UNIVALVE
1. coiled
2. uncoiled

105
Q

Whorl

A

turn of a gastropod shell around a central axis

106
Q

Aperture

A

opening to a gastropod cell

107
Q

Operculum

A

structure that some gastropods have for closing their aperture

108
Q

Bulb Gland

A

gland located near the mouth of a cone snails produce ?

109
Q

Nudibranch

A

Shell-less molluscs

110
Q

Cretea

A

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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