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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 10C > Flashcards

Section 10C Flashcards

1
Q

School

A

group of fish swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner

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2
Q

Shoaling

A

refers to the activity of any group of fish that stay together for social reasons

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3
Q

Anadromous

A

fishes spend their adult lives in the sea but ascent to rivers for spawning (lampreys and salmon)

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4
Q

Catadromous

A

fish loves its adult life in freshwater but returns to the sea to reproduce (freshwater eels and mullets)

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5
Q

Leptophalus

A

flat transparent larva of tarpon, bonefish and various types of eel

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6
Q

Elvers

A

young eels, especially those migrating into freshwater from the sea

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7
Q

Redds

A

desperations dug in the gravel of streams by female salmon for the deposition of eggs during spawning

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8
Q

Alevins

A

newly hatched salmon that still have a yolk sac

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9
Q

Fry

A

after they lose the yolk and begin feeding

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10
Q

Parrs

A

1-5 year old salmon that inhabit freshwater

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11
Q

Smolts

A

salmon that develop from parrs, acquire silvery scales, and migrate to the sea

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12
Q

Amniotic eggs

A

egg covered by a protective shell and containing a liquid filled sac in which the embryo develops

advanced allowed:
1. elimination of free swimming larvae
2. eggs to be laid in a dry place

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13
Q

Amnion

A

liquid filled sac that contains the developing embryo of some vertebrae animals

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14
Q

Yolk Sac

A

sac like structure in amniotic eggs that contains a supply of food

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15
Q

Allantois

A

embryonic support membrane that functions in elimination of wastes

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16
Q

Chorion

A

embryonic support membrane that functions in gas exchange

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17
Q

Physiological Adaptations

A

Reptiles (lungs, 3 chambered heart, 2 aorta, 1 ventricle)

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18
Q

Osmoregulation Adaptations

A
  1. Efficient kidneys
  2. Salt gland
  3. Desiccant- resistant scales
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19
Q

Order Crocolilia

A

saltwater crocodiles

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20
Q

Order Chelonia

A

sea turtles

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21
Q

Order Sqaumata

A

sea snakes

22
Q

Crocodile Families

A

Gavialide, alligatoride and ?

23
Q

Alligators

A

wife and short heads, u shaped snout, upper jaw wider than lower, teeth in lower fit into depressions in upper jaw
fresh water

24
Q

Crocodiles

A

narrow and longer head, v shaped snout, upper and lower jaws are same, better handle salt water

25
Q

Saltwater Crocodile

A

have cerebral cortex, 4 chambered heart, function equivalent of a diaphragm by incorporating muscle used for aquatic locomotion into respiration, salt gland located in mouth (salt is excreted though the tongue and sour out of the mouth)

26
Q

Sea Turtles

A

Return to land to:
1. Lay eggs
2. Rest
3. Bask
2 families - cheloniidae & dermochelyidae
Marine Adaptations:
1. Lost capacity of tail undulation
2. Developed shortened, rigid body form and corselet
3. Modified limbs

27
Q

2 layers of sea turtles

A

Outer layer:
Keratin- tough protein found in reptilian scales

Inner layer:
composed of bone, shell fused

28
Q

Carapace

A

dorsal surface of shell

29
Q

Platstron

A

ventral surface of shell

30
Q

Cheloniidae

A

Green sea turtle, black sea turtle, hawksbill, olive ridley, kemps ridley, loggerhead, flatback

(go back to slides to see if they have additional info

31
Q

Arribadas nesting

A

females nest synchronously at the same time

32
Q

Dermochelyidae

A

Leatherback,

33
Q

Feeding

A

all turtles lack teeth and have a beak like structure to capture and secure prey.

34
Q

Reproduction

A
  1. Nesting needs to occur during condition which are conductive to adult activity
  2. Nesting must occur during conditions that are favor embryo development and survival
  3. Hatchlings must emerge into conditions that are conductive to their survival
35
Q

Precopulatory behaviors

A

head bobbing, position in water column, head head bumps, nuzzling, biting, movement of flipper

36
Q

Nesting

A

Emerge from water, ascending the beach, excavating the body pit, diving the egg chamber, oviposition(egg laying), filling the egg chamber, filling the body pit,

37
Q

Hatching

A

6-13 weeks

38
Q

Hatchlings

A

Typically emerge at night, circumvent two major problems
1. lethal temp
2. predators

39
Q

Temperature of Sand

A

Less than 28 C is male
Greater than 30 C is female

40
Q

Danger

A
41
Q

Glands

A

Sea snakes- sublingual glands
Crocodiles ??

42
Q

Squamata

A

Sea snakes, snakes evolved from lizards

43
Q

Sea Snake Groups

A
  1. Hydrophiids (true sea snakes) - 54 species
  2. Laticaudids (sea kraits) - 5 species
  3. Achrochordids (file snakes) - 3 species
  4. Homalopsids (mangrove snakes) - 9 species
  5. Natricids (salt marsh snakes) - 3 species
44
Q

Family Elapsidae

A

sun family hudrophiinae - true sea snakes

45
Q

Subfamily Laticaudinae

A

sea kraits

46
Q

Sea Snake breathing

A

one elongate cylindrical lung extends almost the entire body length for efficient gas exchange

47
Q

Snake Diving

A

Oxygen diffuses from sea water across the snakes skin into tiny blood stream

48
Q

Venom

A

Lecithinase- lysis of erythrocytes
Anticoagulase- ?

49
Q

Salt Removal

A

?

50
Q

Hemipenes

A

paired penises found in snakes and lizards

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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