Theme 3 1930-42 Flashcards
What did Viceroy Irwin suggest on the 31st of January 1929?
He suggested a round table conference to discuss the status of the constitution of India however the newly elected Labour government did little about it.
Why did the INC reject the first roundtable conference invite in June 1929?
They had recently began to call for Purna Swaraj not that any INC members were nominated anyway.
When did the first roundtable conference begin?
12th November 1930
What was the composition of the 89 representatives?In the First RTC
16 From the three main British political parties
16 Provincial princes
57 nominees of the viceroy to Represent British India.
What was decided at the congress?
That India would be democratic in its accountability of power.
British India and the Princely States should be linked federally.
Who was missing from the first roundtable conference?
Gandhi, as well as both of the Nehru’s were not present.
Why were the INC unwilling to cooperate with the first round table conference?
Gandhi was still imprisoned which created a focal point for protest and rejection.
What radical step did Irwin take to appease the INC after the roundtable conference?
He decided to free Gandhi which led to the creation of the Gandhi Irwin pact which allowed the conference to continue.
Why did Winston Churchil retire to the back-benches in June 1931.
He became isolated within the party as he took a very imperialist stance on India.
What happened in August 1931 in Britain?
The Labour government collapsed due to the Great depression which in turn led to the creation of the National coalition.
Who was made secretary of state for India as well as chair of the 2nd Conference?
Sir Samuel Hoare, the Conservative.
What date did the 2nd Roundtable conference begin
7th September 1931.
Why did Gandhi anger other Indians at the 2nd conference?
Gandhi claimed to speak for the rights of all Indian’s but blatantly questioned the rights of other Indians to be present at all. He also claimed that the untouchables should not be given separate electorates as they were Hindu’s.
Who represented the Muslims at the 2nd Roundtable conference?
Jinnah , Iqbal and the Aga Khan.
Why was the second roundtable conference a failure?
The Muslim league and Gandhi could not agree on anything.
When was the third Roundtable conference held?
November - December 1932.
What Problems did the Third Roundtable conference face from the beginning?
Only 46 delegates attended non of whom were from the INC or the Labour party.
What conclusion did the third roundtable conference result in?
No definitive conclusion could be made and the conference collapsed into confusion.
What was the situation in Britain like during the third roundtable conference?
The great depression had hit the UK and many felt that economic issues were more important than situation in India. Ramsey Macdonald had also lost the support of the Labour party who withdrew from the coalition.
Who became viceroy in April 1931?
Viceroy Willingdon
What was viceroy Willingdon’s stance on Gandhi?
Willingdon stated that he would only negotiate with people that were willing to cooperate with the Raj administration and therefore refused to tolerate Gandhi.
What Repressive acts did Willingdon carry out in 1931?
Gandhi was imprisoned within Yeravda jail, Emergency powers similar to DOIA were put in place, he then rounded up and imprisoned all members of the congress working committee, Banned youth organisations, 80000 Indian activists imprisoned.
When and who announced the Communal Award?
Ramsey Macdonald announces the communal award on the 16th August 1932
What did the communal award do?
Recognised Muslims, Sikhs, Anglo-Indians, Indian christians and untouchables as separate and therefore deserving of a separate electorate.
What did Gandhi do in response to the Communal award?
He went onto a fast unto death in order to blackmail the British government from removing the untouchables from the list of separate electorates as he saw them as Hindus.
What was the Poona pact and who signed it?
The Poona pact went back on the communal award and instead made Untouchables part of the wider Hindu electorate, signed by members of the INC and Dr Ambedkar who represented the untouchables.
What percentage of the vote and how many seats would the Untouchables get as set out by the Poona pact?
The number of seats given to untouchables in a future government went up from 71 - 148 and at least 18% of seats in a future general assembly
What did the British government announce in 1933?
The creation of an Indian constitution.
How long did it take to pass and apply the new constitution?
Was not passed until 1935 and was not applied until 1937.
What was the IDL and which newspaper supported them?
The IDL also known as the Indian Independence League was set up by Winston Churchill and aimed to oppose Indian independence, the daily mail supported them.
What opposition did the 1935 government of India act face in parliament?
The IDL obviously opposed the act however so did Clement Attlee albeit for different reasons.
How many people voted against the 1935 act?
In the end only 50 MP’s voted against the act.
When did the 1935 Government of India act come into law?
August 1935.
How many provinces was India split into in 1935?
11 provinces
How much authority would provincial councils get?1935 GOIA
They would have control over all affairs aside from defence and foreign affairs, governor’s would also be elected which would have more power than ever before.
What thing introduced in the 1919 Government of India act was abolished? In the 1935 Government of India act
Dyarchy was abolished with Indians getting full control of local councils.