Unit 1 - Biological molecules Flashcards
Name 3 monosacharrides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Name 3 disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
Maltose
two alpha glucose
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
Lactose
glucose + galactose
What are the bonds in polysaccharides?
glycosidic bonds
What type of reaction forms disaccharides?
condensation reactions
What type of reaction is maltose broken down into two alpha glucose monosaccharides?
hydrolysis
Name 3 polysaccharides of glucose?
starch, glycogen, cellulose
Name 3 structures of starch
helical, insoluble, highly branched
Describe the test for reducing sugar
add Benedict’s solution and heat, colour change to brick red
Describe the test for non-reducing sugars (sucrose)
add acid and boil, cool and add alkali, add Benedict’s and heat, colour change to brick red
Describe the test for starch
add iodine solution, colour change to blue-black
Describe the test for lipids
add ethanol and shake, add distilled water, milky emulsion forms
What are triglycerides made up of?
glycerol and three fatty acids
What type of bonds are in triglycerides?
ester bonds
Functions of triglycerides
energy store and source, insulation, waxy cuticles, protection
What are phospholipids made up of?
glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate group
What do phospholipids form when mixed with water?
monolayers and micelles