chapter 5: primary sequence Flashcards

1
Q

t/f

The amino acid sequence is read from the N- terminal to the C-terminal ends, left to right

A

true

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2
Q

What is the the minimum number of AA for a polypeptide chain to fold into a discrete and stable shape that allows it to carry out a particular function?

A

40, otherwise it is just a peptide

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3
Q

t/f

The longer the polypeptide, the greater the likelihood of introducing errors during transcription and translation

A

True

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4
Q

What are the most abundant amino acids?

A

Leu, Ala, Gly, Val, Glu, and Ser

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5
Q

What are the rarest amino acids?

A

Trp, Cys, Met, and His

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6
Q

non-amino acid chemical component of proteins, they usually play a very important role in the protein’s functionality?

A

prosthetic group

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7
Q

proteins that contain lipids

A

lipoproteins

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8
Q

proteins that contain sugars

A

glycoproteins

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9
Q

proteins that contain metal ions

A

metalloproteins

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10
Q

Process of protein isolation:

A
  1. clone them into an expression vector
  2. disrupt the cell structure, create a cell extract through centrifugation
  3. use a methodology for purification
  4. identify the protein
  5. quantify the protein
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11
Q

stationary phase - column chromotopgraphy

A

is packed into a column and consists of a bead-like matrix

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12
Q

mobile phase - column chromotography

A

passed through the column and contains the molecules and proteins that are to be separated

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13
Q

This type of chromatography is good for purifying proteins and nucleic acids.

A

Affinity Column Chromatography

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14
Q

What did fredrick sanger do?

A

Sequenced the polypeptide insulin from bovine. A decade later the genetic code was deduced, which related the DNA sequence to amino acid sequences in proteins. Since then many proteins have been sequenced.

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15
Q

T/F

Reduction of disulfide bonds breaks down tertiary structure

A

True

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16
Q

ESI is the go-to for biochemists these days, used to identify and sequence proteins now

A

true

17
Q

Bioinformatics

A

the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic codes

18
Q

Lateral gene transfer

A

the transmission of genes, sometimes across species barriers, outwith the classic vertical inheritance from parent to offspring

19
Q

Homologs

A

having the same relation, relative position, or structure

20
Q

Paralogs

A

One of a set of homologous genes that have diverged from each other as a consequence of genetic duplication

21
Q

Orthologs

A

genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation

22
Q

Signature sequences

A

contiguous patterns of amino acids 10-50 residues long that are associated with a particular structure or function in proteins