chapter 5: primary sequence Flashcards
t/f
The amino acid sequence is read from the N- terminal to the C-terminal ends, left to right
true
What is the the minimum number of AA for a polypeptide chain to fold into a discrete and stable shape that allows it to carry out a particular function?
40, otherwise it is just a peptide
t/f
The longer the polypeptide, the greater the likelihood of introducing errors during transcription and translation
True
What are the most abundant amino acids?
Leu, Ala, Gly, Val, Glu, and Ser
What are the rarest amino acids?
Trp, Cys, Met, and His
non-amino acid chemical component of proteins, they usually play a very important role in the protein’s functionality?
prosthetic group
proteins that contain lipids
lipoproteins
proteins that contain sugars
glycoproteins
proteins that contain metal ions
metalloproteins
Process of protein isolation:
- clone them into an expression vector
- disrupt the cell structure, create a cell extract through centrifugation
- use a methodology for purification
- identify the protein
- quantify the protein
stationary phase - column chromotopgraphy
is packed into a column and consists of a bead-like matrix
mobile phase - column chromotography
passed through the column and contains the molecules and proteins that are to be separated
This type of chromatography is good for purifying proteins and nucleic acids.
Affinity Column Chromatography
What did fredrick sanger do?
Sequenced the polypeptide insulin from bovine. A decade later the genetic code was deduced, which related the DNA sequence to amino acid sequences in proteins. Since then many proteins have been sequenced.
T/F
Reduction of disulfide bonds breaks down tertiary structure
True
ESI is the go-to for biochemists these days, used to identify and sequence proteins now
true
Bioinformatics
the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic codes
Lateral gene transfer
the transmission of genes, sometimes across species barriers, outwith the classic vertical inheritance from parent to offspring
Homologs
having the same relation, relative position, or structure
Paralogs
One of a set of homologous genes that have diverged from each other as a consequence of genetic duplication
Orthologs
genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation
Signature sequences
contiguous patterns of amino acids 10-50 residues long that are associated with a particular structure or function in proteins
