chapter 5: primary sequence

Question 1

t/f

The amino acid sequence is read from the N- terminal to the C-terminal ends, left to right

Answer 1

true

Question 2

What is the the minimum number of AA for a polypeptide chain to fold into a discrete and stable shape that allows it to carry out a particular function?

Answer 2

40, otherwise it is just a peptide

Question 3

t/f

The longer the polypeptide, the greater the likelihood of introducing errors during transcription and translation

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the most abundant amino acids?

Answer 4

Leu, Ala, Gly, Val, Glu, and Ser

Question 5

What are the rarest amino acids?

Answer 5

Trp, Cys, Met, and His

Question 6

non-amino acid chemical component of proteins, they usually play a very important role in the protein’s functionality?

Answer 6

prosthetic group

Question 7

proteins that contain lipids

Answer 7

lipoproteins

Question 8

proteins that contain sugars

Answer 8

glycoproteins

Question 9

proteins that contain metal ions

Answer 9

metalloproteins

Question 10

Process of protein isolation:

Answer 10

1. clone them into an expression vector
2. disrupt the cell structure, create a cell extract through centrifugation
3. use a methodology for purification
4. identify the protein
5. quantify the protein

Question 11

stationary phase - column chromotopgraphy

Answer 11

is packed into a column and consists of a bead-like matrix

Question 12

mobile phase - column chromotography

Answer 12

passed through the column and contains the molecules and proteins that are to be separated

Question 13

This type of chromatography is good for purifying proteins and nucleic acids.

Answer 13

Affinity Column Chromatography

Question 14

What did fredrick sanger do?

Answer 14

Sequenced the polypeptide insulin from bovine. A decade later the genetic code was deduced, which related the DNA sequence to amino acid sequences in proteins. Since then many proteins have been sequenced.

Question 15

T/F

Reduction of disulfide bonds breaks down tertiary structure

Answer 15

True

Question 16

ESI is the go-to for biochemists these days, used to identify and sequence proteins now

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Bioinformatics

Answer 17

the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic codes

Question 18

Lateral gene transfer

Answer 18

the transmission of genes, sometimes across species barriers, outwith the classic vertical inheritance from parent to offspring

Question 19

Homologs

Answer 19

having the same relation, relative position, or structure

Question 20

Paralogs

Answer 20

One of a set of homologous genes that have diverged from each other as a consequence of genetic duplication

Question 21

Orthologs

Answer 21

genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation

Question 22

Signature sequences

Answer 22

contiguous patterns of amino acids 10-50 residues long that are associated with a particular structure or function in proteins