Cockroach(1) Flashcards

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1
Q

give the taxonomy of a cockroach

A

Phylum- Arthropoda (jointed appendages and and chitinous skeleton)
Class - Insecta (3 pairs of jointed legs)
Order- Dictyoptera
Genus- Periplaneta
Species- americana

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2
Q

explain some features about cockroach

A

Cockroach is omnivorous, cursorial (fast runner) and
nocturnal animal. It also exhibits Cannabalism.

Parental Care does not found in Cockroach.

Cockroach chromosome no. = 34.

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3
Q

how are the three segments of coackroach divided

A

Body of cockroach is divided in to 3 parts called →Tegmata. They are-
HEAD, THORAX AND ABDOMEN.

In Embryo stage head (6) + thorax (3) + abdomen(11) = 20 segments
In Adult stage head (1) + thorax (3) + abdomen(10) =14 segments

Sclerites of head fused fully to form head capsule (formed by the
fusion 6 segments).

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4
Q

name of different chitinous plates

A

Exoskeleton of chitin plates occurred in each segment. Chitin plates called
“sclerites”.

Sclerites of dorsal side - tergum or tergite.
Sclerites of ventral side - sternum or sternite.
Sclerites of lateral side - pleurons or pleurites.

Sclerites joined each other by “membrane” called “articular or arthrodial
membrane.”

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5
Q

explain the mouth parts of the cockroach

A

A cavity formed due to presence of mouth parts called pre-oral
cavity. 5 types of mouth parts-

Labrum or Upper Lip - Dorsally overhangs the mouth. Holds the
food for feeding & has gustato-receptor (tasting).

  1. Mandibles or Jaw (1-pair) - They form the lateral wall of pre-oral
    cavity. Grinding of food.
  2. First maxillae (1-pair) - Putting the food in oral cavity. Also used
    as brush to clean antenna and wings.
  3. Second Maxillae or Labium or lower lip - It forms the floor of
    pre-oral cavity and covers ventral side.
  4. Hypopharynx or lingua or tongue - Non-chitinous flexible
    structure. Common salivary duct opens at the base.
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6
Q

where are the legs present and what are their parts?

A

5 segments are present in legs known as Podomeres

(i) coxa
(ii) trochanter
(iii) femur
(iv)tibia
(v) tarsus
(vi) pretarsus
(vii) claw

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7
Q

what are th 2 types of wings

A

Forewing or Mesothoracic
wing or Elytra or Tegmina-
long, narrow, thick, leathery,
dark, opaque, covers body.

Hindwing or Metathoracic
wings- small, broad, thin,
membranous, transparent,
helpful in flight

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8
Q

what are the abdomen

A

10 segments are present in male and female.

10th tergum bowl shaped and bifurcated and has 1 pair
”Anal cerci - Sound receptor” bear in both male and
female.

7th tergum is largest in male and female and covers 8th
and 9th tergites.

Stink gland present in between 5th and 6th tergum its
smell repels enemies.

Sternum : In male- 9 sternum and in female- 7 sternum.

Anal or caudal style – 1 pair from 9th sternum only in male,
non segmented structures → Help in copulation.

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9
Q

what is haemocoel

A

Also known as Haemocoel

Haemocoel is not true coelom

All arthopodes are true coelomates but coelom is highly
reduced and found only in the form of the cavity of gonads
called Gonocoel.

Lagre fat bodies (corpora adiposa) present in haemocoel

Fat bodies are analogous to liver of higher animals

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10
Q

what are the salivary glands

A

Consists of salivary glands and alimentary canal
Salivary glands secretes → Saliva
which contain amylase, cellulase,
chitinase.

It is attached to crop

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11
Q

3 parts of the alimentary canal

A

A) FOREGUT-Ectodermal in origin- cuticle layer present
B) MIDGUT-Endodermal in origin- cuticle layer absent
C) HINDGUT-Ectodermal in origin- cuticle layer present

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12
Q

foregut parts:

A

(i)- gizzard: helps in grinding of food with cuticular teeth/ cavity is called armarium

(ii) sieve platE: filtering of food due to cuticular hair

(iii)stomodeal valve: prevent backflow of blood/ junction of fore and midgut

foregut is formed by invagination of body wall. the cuticle is present in the inner wall/

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13
Q

midgut or mesenteron parts:

A

(i) Anterior top part: cardia- secrete peritropic memebrane m/o glyocgen and protein beacsue midgut do not have cuticle layer

stomodeoal valve opens onto cardia into the midgut

bacetria and symbiotic protozoa present whichhelp in the digestion

mesenteron is muscular

Hepatic caeca is derives from mesenteron

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14
Q

hind gut parts

A

(a) 100-150 yellow colored thin tubules attached at the junction of
hind gut and mid gut called “Malpighian tubules” → Removal
of excretory products from haemolymph)

(b) Hind gut has three parts :
(i) Ileum - Its wall is thin and internally folded. Its cuticle bears
minute spines, which serve to break the peritrophic
membrane.
(ii) Colon - Longest and broader part
(iii) Rectum - Last part, oval shaped. Its wall has 6 folds - called
Rectal papillae which absorb water.

Anus - At the end of 10th abdominal segment.

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15
Q

wat are some other excretory structure except malphigiain tubules

A

Urate cell : Storage excretion

Nephrocytes and fat bodies: Storage excretion

Body wall : Absorbs excretory materials from Haemocoel and store in
cuticle. Then at the time of moulting excretory substances and cuticle
separate out from body

Uricose glands : These help in excretion in male cockroach.

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16
Q

whereare the spiracles are present

A

(d) 10- pair spiracles, 2-pairs on thorax and 8-pairs on
abdomen.
(e) 1st thoracic and 1st abdominal spiracle - Always open
f) All spiracles :- on “Pleurone” (Lateral side of body)

17
Q

what does blood do

A

Open type or Lacunar type
(i) Colourless plasma
(ii) WBC (Haematocytes)
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
Blood vessel are poorly developed and open into
space called – HAEMOCOEL
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Related with blood clotting
In BLOOD → RBC, Haemoglobin ABSENT
BLOOD works as HYDRAULIC SKELETON

BLOOD is not related with respiration because respiratory pigment
absent
BLOOD helps in the transportation of nutrients, hormones and
excretory wastes

Blood contains trehalose sugar disaccaride.

18
Q

what are the 2 diaphragms in cockroach

A

Two horizontal septa/diaphragm divides haemocoel in to
3 chambers. These septa are -
1-Dorsal diaphragm2-Ventral diaphragm
These have pores called “fenestrae”

Diaphragms divides the HAEMOCOEL in to three chambers :
Peri cardial sinus (DORSAL) : has heart chambers
Perivisceral sinus (MIDDLE) : has alimentary canal and fat body.
Perineural sinus (VENTRAL) :has nerve cord.

19
Q

how is the flow of blood between the sinuses

A

first the blood is pumped from the anterior aorta into the head sinus from where it goes to the perineural sinus(ventral) then it moves to perivisceral sinus and then it moves to pericardial sinus where it goes into the heart through ostia.

20
Q

explain heart of cockroac

A

(a) Heart is divided into 13 inverted funnel like chambers
.
(b) First chamber of heart in the form of long tubule called “anterior
aorta” It opens into head sinus

(c) Each chamber connected with Pericardial sinus by 1-pair of pores,
called “Ostia”. These pores act as valve.
(d) Blood enters from Pericadial Sinus to heart through Ostia.
(e) Each posterior chamber of heart connected/related with anterior
chamber by a valve like pore.
(f) These pore help in flow of blood from posterior to anterior part.

the heart is neurogenic( under nervous control)

theheart chambers are connected by 12 fan shaped alary muscles. when they contract, the diaphragms flatten, bp dicreases casuing blood to enter heart

21
Q

what are nephrocytes

A

Special type of cells attached with heart wall called “Nephrocytes-
Storage excretion in the form of “Uric acid”.

22
Q

what are the 3 types of galglion

A

supraoesophageal ganglion amd sub oseophageal ganglion RE CONNECTED BY CIRCUM OESEOPHAGEal connectives to form nerve ring.

there 3 ganglion in thorax and 6 ganglion in the tb

23
Q

wha are the sense organs

A

Antennae → Tactile receptors, Olfactory receptors, detect
vibrations.

*Compound eyes → Each compound eye is made up of 2000
units called Ommatidia.
*Mosaic Vision or Apposition vision has more sensitivity but less
resolution.

*Simple eye or Ocelli → Photoreceptor (to detect light), No image
formation.

Maxillary and Labial Palps → Tactile receptors and Gustato
receptors
*Anal Cerci → Sound receptors( antennae also detect sound)
*Legs → Gustato-receptors

24
Q

male repro system

A

(
(a) 1-pair of testis in “4-6” abdominal segment. Each testis formed
of “3 or 4 lobes” each lobe divided into many lobules

(b) Vasa deferentia - A vasa deferens arises from each testis these
open in an ejaculatory duct.

c) Ejaculatory duct opens outside by male genital pore. Seminal
vesicle in form of vesicles located upon ejaculatory duct.

(d) Spermatogenesis→ Completely in testis.

(e) Seminal vesicle :- Stored the sperms. All sperms glue together’s
to form a ball called “sperm ball”.
(f) A gland associated with seminal vesicles called Mushroom gland
or Utricular gland is present in the 6th - 7th abdominal segment
as an accessory reproductive gland.
Having two types of tubules-
Small tubules on inner side - Utriculi brevivores → Nutritive fluid in
spermatophore.
Long tubules outside - Utriculi majores → Secrete a membrane
around sperm ball. Tips of long tubules called “Uricose gland” →
These absorb excretory material from haemocoel.

(g) Ejaculatory duct secrete another coat on spermatophore.
spermatophore - ”Double layered.”

(h) A gland located on mushroom gland called phallic gland or
congloblate gland. It opens out side by a long duct “Phallic
aperture”.

When they go out side from male genital pore then phallic gland
secretes another layer, so spermatophore becomes three layered.

(j) Chitinous structures associated with phallic aperture and male
genital pore called “Phallomeres” or “Gonapophysis”.
Phallomeres
(1) Left phallomere
(2) Right phallomere
(3) Ventral phallomere

25
Q

function fo diff parts of female repro system

A

→ Function of Ovary & Ovarioles- Formation of Ova
→ Function of Oviduct -Transport of Ova
→ Function of Spermatheca- Storage of sperms after Copulation
→ Function of Right & Left Collaterial Gland - Formation of Ootheca

Function of Ovipositor processes– Arrange ova in rows

26
Q

female reproductive system

A

(a) 1-pair of ovary situated in “2nd to 6th segment of abdomen”.
**(b) Each ovary is made up of 8-long tubules called “Ovarioles.” Only
one egg from in each ovariole. It means 16 ova are matured at a
time in cockroach. Both oviduct of ovaries fuse and form
“vagina”. **
(c) Vagina - Vagina opens inside body in a genital chamber.
(d) Genital chamber- formation of genital chamber by the fusion of 3
abdominal sternum
(e) 7th sternum - Forms the floor of genital chamber.
(f) 8th and 9th sternum - become telescoped inwards to form the roof
and sides of this pouch, the pouch itself is divisible into a genital
chamber in front and oothecal chamber behind.
(g) A pair of “Spermatheca” present in 6th segment associated with
genital chamber. Spermatheca unequal in size.
(h) Both spermatheca open by a pore in genital chamber.
(i) 1-pair of collaterial glands associated with genital chamber. These
are branched tubular glands.
Left collaterial gland = more branched

27
Q

explation the copulation process

A

COPULATION
(a) “Breeding season:- from march to september.
The females secrete a highly odorous and volatile “sex attracting
scent from their scent glands called pheromones or ectohormones.

(b) Male perceive the smell of this scent with the help of olfactory
sensillae located upon their antennae.
(c) Copulation time = One hour

28
Q

explain the formation of ootheca

A

(b) After fertilization the left collaterial gland secretes a
soluble “milky protein” while the right one secrete
dihydroxyphenol. Both secretions mix to form a brownish
scleroprotein.

(c) Sclero protein forms a common egg case, called ootheca.
Ootheca is a dark reddish to blackish brown capsule, about
3/8” (8 mm) long.

(d) Development is Paurometabolous (through Nymphal
stages)
(c) Development time - “4 to 8” weeks.
(e) Juvenile stage inside ootheca is called “nymph“.
Nymph appears like adult.
Development :-
(f) The Nymphs look very much like adults, the nymphs grows
by moulting about 13 – times to reach the adult form.
(g) it is smaller than adults and also lacks mature reproductive organs

29
Q

What are gonapophyses in female cockroaches

A

They are structures present outside near the female gonopore. They help hold the male during copulation. They help in laying eggs

30
Q

What is vestibulum and genital chamber

A

Vestibulum is the entry part of the genital pouch it serves as the area where the sperms are deposited.

Genital chamber is present further into the genital pouch. it is the place where fertilization happens. the Collateral gland, spermatheca and oviduct open into this place.

Vestibulum and the genital chamber form the genital pouch

31
Q

2 most common Indian cockroaches

A

Periplaneta americana
Blatta orientalis

32
Q

What is the function of wings

A

Protecting against predator
Blatta orientalis has less developed wings

33
Q

Apposition vision is formed in

A

Bright light