Morphology in Flowering Plants 2 Flashcards
explain the structure of anther
it is bilobed, dithecous and tetrasporangiate.
dithecous- 2 parts of anther each enclose a chamber of space called theca.
tetrasporangiate becuase of the pollen sacs
what is cohesion of the anther? what are the types
When the floral parts of similar whorls are fused.
When the stamens of an androecium are free from one another, then it
is called polyandrous condition.
There are three types of cohesion:
(i) adelphy: when filaments are fused but not anther
(ii)syngenesious: when anthers are fused but not filaments
(iii) synandrous: entire stamen ie filament and anthers are fused
what are the different kinds of adelphy
(a) Monoadelphous: The filaments of
stamens may be united into one bunch or
one bundle.
China rose
(b) Diadelphous: The filaments of stamens
may be united into two bunch or 2 bundle. It is called as 9+1 arrangement because 9 are fused and 1 remains alone.
Pea
(c) Polyadelphous
The stamens may be united into more than
two bunches or 2 bundles.
Citrus
what is adhesion
When the floral parts of similar whorls are fused
Epipetalous
Stamens are attached to
the petals
E.g. Brinjal
Stamens are attached to
the tepals (Perianth)
E.g. Lily (Liliaceae)
Gynandrous
Complete stamens or only
anthers are attached to the
gynoecium
E.g. Calotropis
what are different types of length of stamen
didynamous:
4 stamens such that outer pair is longer and inner pair is shorter
salvia, ocimum
tetradynamous
6 stamens such that inner tetrad are long and outer pair is shorter
mustard, radish, turnip
what is condition of one or many ovaries
monocarpellary- only 1 carpel is present
multicarpellary- many carpels are present
what are different ways of arrangement of carpels
Ιf only one carpel is present in gynoecium then this condition is
called monocarpellary condition.
If more than one carpel is present in gynoecium, then this condition is called as polycarpellary condition. There are 2 types:
- If the carpels are fused then its called syncarpous. Ex: Mustard, Tomato
-If the carpels are free, its called apocarpous. Ex: Lotus, Tomato, Michelia
what is a true fruit
When the fruit is developed only from the ovary.
*E.g.- Mango, coconut
what is false fruit
False Fruit
*In some fruits in place of ovary some other parts of flower like
thalamus, calyx and inflorescence are modified into fruit.
*E.g.- Apple, strawberry, cashew.
what are different types of fruits
A.Simple Fruit
*Develop from monocarpellary ovary or multicarpellary, syncarpous ovary.
*Only one fruit is formed by gynoecium.
*Two types :-
1. Fleshy Fruit
*Fruit wall is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
*Drupe fruits → Endocarp is hard and stony so also called stony fruits.
*Mango, Coconut
2. Dry Fruits
*Pericarp not differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
B. Aggregate Fruits
*Develop from multicarpellary, apocarpous ovary.
*Thus more than one fruitlets are present in fruit.
*Made up of a bunch of fruitlets (Etario).
*E.g. Custard apple, Strawberry
C. Composite Fruit
*All are false fruits as they are not developed from ovary.
*Whole inflorescence is modified into fruit.
*E.g. Pineapple, Jackfruit Mulberry
explain the features of brassicaceae/cruciferaceae
1.Distinguishing features of cruciferae:-
(i)Pungent odour (sulphur containing glucosides compound)
(ii)Inflorescence - Typical raceme.
2.The common Characteristics of flower:-
(i) Flower - Ebracteate, Bisexual or hermaphrodite, Hypogynous,
tetramerous
(ii) Calyx - Sepals 4, polysepalous, imbricate or valvate aestivation.
(iii) Corolla -Petals 4, polypetalous, valvate aestivation & cruciform.
(iv) Androecium:- Stamens 6 (2+4), tetradynamous, Polyandrous
(v)Gynoecium:- Bicarpellary, syncarpous.
* Placentation is parietal.
(vi) Fruit:- Usually siliqua.
(vii)Seed :- Non endospermic
brassicaceae floral formula
actinomorphic
♂♀ K 2+2 C4A2+4 G(2-4
vegetative features of fabaceae
*This family was earlier called papillionoideae/fabaceae which is a subfamily
of the family Leguminosae.
*It is distributed all over the world.
*Important features
Trees, shrubs, herbs; root with root nodules
*Roots :- Root nodules are present (N2–fixing)
*Stem – Erect or climber
*Leaves :- Stipulated, simple or pinnately compound, leaf base
pulvinate/pulvinus (swollen), venation reticulate, Alternate
floral characs of fabaceae
Inflorescence: racemose
Flower: bisexual, zygomorphic
Calyx: sepals five, gamosepalous; valvate/imbricate aestivation
Corolla: petals five, polypetalous, papilionaceous, consisting of a posterior
standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming a keel (enclosing
stamens and pistil), vexillary aestivation
Androecium: ten, diadelphous, anther dithecous
Gynoecium: ovary superior, mono carpellary, unilocular with many
ovules, style single
Fruit: legume,pod; seed: one to many, non-endospermic
what are examples of fabaceae
[A]Food plant
[i] Arhar (Pigeon pea)[ii] Chana (Gram)
[iii] Mattar (Pea) [iv] Urad (Blak gram)
[v] Mung (green gram)[vi] Soyabean – Pulse
[vii] Mungphali (Ground nut) [viii] Sem - Pulse
[B]Fodder
[i] Trifolium[ii] Sesbania
[C]Fibres- Sunhemp
[D]Ornamental - Lupin, sweet pea
[E] Medicinal plants- Mulaithi
[F]Dye- Indigofera
[G]Edible oil- Soyabean, groundnut
