3.5 Biological Molecules – Proteins Flashcards
a monomer of a protein
amino acid
loss of shape in a protein that may be a result of changes in temperature, pH, or
chemical exposure
denaturation
a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein
enzyme
a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine
gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes
hormone
describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
hydrophilic
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
hydrophobic
a covalent bond that forms between one amino acids carboxyl group and another
amino acids amino group
peptide bond
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
polypeptide chain
a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
protein
a linear sequence of amino acids in a protein
primary structure
association of different polypeptide chains in a protein
association of different polypeptide chains in a protein
structure that proteins form by hydrogen bonding between the oxygen
atom of one amino acid and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom of another amino acid
secondary structure
a reactant that binds to a specific enzyme
substrate
a protein’s three-dimensional conformation, including interactions between
secondary structural elements
tertiary structure