online discrimination (and finishing daily impacts) Flashcards
what was the daily frequency of discrimination in potter et al, 2019
most to least:
· Weight based
○ Unclear whether bmi, age, and sex impact frequency
· Race based
· Sexual oreintation
· Gender based
○ Men underestimate the amount of gender based discrimination faced by women
Women are pretty accurate at guessing the amount of gender based discrimination faced by men
wang and yip, 2020 sleep discrimination and coping
How does previous night sleep (duration and quality) strengthen or weaken racial discrimination, stress response, and wellbeing associations
FOUND that sleep quality and duration affects the relationship between discrimination and stress response
- when youth have slept extra long the night before they do more problem solving when facing discrimiantion
- when youth spend less time during the night awake than usual, youth do more problem solving and get more peer social support when they face discrimination
Problem solving = more positive wellbeing
Peer support = more positive wellbeing
Significant indirect effect (mediated effects)
Discrimination and discrimination*sleep - problem solving and peer support - positive wellbeing
DAILY RACIAL DISCRIMINATION AND DIURNAL CORTISOL (SEATON AND ZEIDERS, 2021)
What are same day and next day effects of racial discrimination on diurnal cortisol amongst black Americans?
Findings:
When people reported facing more discrimination than they usually do:
1. They experienced higher overall cortisol (more AUC) and higher bedtime cortisol than normal on the same day
2. Flatter cortisol awakening response (CAR) and steeper diurnal slope on the next day
○ Steeper slope especially true for those that reported being black as an especially important part of their identity
Flatter cortisol awakening response = not as strong as an awakening response (harder to wake up/be ready for the day)
DAILY MICROAGGRESSIONS AND CORTISOL (ZEIDERS ET AL, 2018)
Examined even longer delayed effects of microaggressions on cortisol
- Found that total amount of daily microaggressions (for two weeks??) predicted how much cortisol you had in your bloodstream one week later
Broke microaggressions up by subtype:
- microaggressions focuses on inferiority, criminal and second class were especially associated with overall cortisol levels the next week
LIVINGSTON ET AL, 2017 (READING)
How is sgm-based and other discrimination associated with concurrent and later (w/in same day) nicotine and substance use among SGM young adults?
Found that:
Sgm based discrimination is associated with:
· 299% greater odds of nicotine use
· 359% greater odds substance use
· Stronger effects as the day goes on
· Stronger evidence of later in day lagged effects for substance use
Other discrimination associated with:
202% greater odds nicotine use
163% greater odds substance use
Lagged effects on substance use
Overall, sgm based discrimination only endorsed by a subset of people (not everyone in the study experienced in - majority didn’t - 13/50? ), but these people report fairly frequent experiences. Both sgm and other discrimination impacts concurrent nicotine and substance use - but sgm more strongly associated.
WHERE DOES THE FIELD NEED TO GO IN THE MEASUREMENT OF DAILY DISCRIMINATION AND HEALTH (WANG, 2023)
- Better measurement
- Moving beyond interpersonal discrimination
- Capturing intersectional experiences and integrating mixed methods
- Not just lagged effects, examining recovery to baseline after discrimination
- Integrating daily methods with longitudinal work
Protective factors - interpersonal, familial, and contextual
SEXISM AND HETEROSEXISM IN ONLINE GAMING
○ 90% of queer and trans gamers have been harrassed abt their identities online
○ 79% of gamers report sexism as being prevalent
63% of women gamers report harrassment in gaming community
WHAT IS ONLINE RACISM?
System of anti-POC practices that privilege and maintain political, cultural and economic power for whites in digital space
Can be:
- Technologically mediated - built and expressed in the online infrastructure
- Interpersonal and nonverbal online interactions
Often a digital record - board audience can participate and add to victimization - commenting, liking, sharing
BRENDESHA TYNES
- online racial discrimination research
Started it all
Online victimization scare
Online discrimination - externalizing behaviours, depression, anxiety
More time online and more online discrimination = more externalizing behaviours
However, if you have explored your identity, you are less likely to engage in externalizing behaviours
BRENDESHA TYNES TAXONOMY OF ONLINE RACISM
online micrinvadlidation, online microinsults, online microassaults, miseducation, misinformation/disinformation, online hate crimes
online microinvalidations
texts, videos, images, etc. that communicate that one is alien in their own country, colorblindness, myth of meritocracy, reverse discrimination, denial of individual racism
exclude thoughts, feelings, experiences of minority group
reverse racism/discrimination
the idea that members of the dominant group are systematically discriminated against
- Big example is affirmative action (definition linked in slide)
So…
Can individuals be discriminated against because of their membership in a dominant group?
- Yes
But….
Do social structures and systems discriminate against individuals from dominant groups?
No because they control the social structures and systems
online microinsults
Communicate (often unintentionally) ascription of intelligence, second class citizenship, pathologizing cultural values, assumptions of criminality
convey rudeness and insensitivity
online microassaults
online discrimination, less subtle, more intentional
