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HISTOLOGY > EPITHELIUM > Flashcards

EPITHELIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Is the epithelium vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

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2
Q

epithelia rest on the ? membrane which separates it from the other tissue

A

basement membrane

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3
Q

Where can you find membranous epithelium?

A

covering external surfaces, lining internal closed cavities, as well as lining body tubes which communicate with the exterior

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelium?

A
  1. Membranous
  2. Glandular epithelium
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5
Q

What are the 2 types of glandular epithelium?

A
  1. exocrine glands
  2. endocrine glands
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6
Q

How can you determine if a gland is exocrine or endocrine?

A

excocrine glands have a duct. endocrine glands lack a duct

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7
Q

What are the 3 distinct structural domains of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. apical surface
  2. lateral domain
  3. basal surface
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8
Q

Where is the basal surface located?

A

Anchored to the basement membrane

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9
Q

What are the main features of the lateral domain?

A

presence of tight junctions just below the apical surface
gap junctions above the basal surface

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10
Q

What is the function of tight junctions?

A

prevent free movement of molecules across epithelial sheets

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11
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

allowing various molecules and ions to pass between cells.

allows the sharing of substances between cells.

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12
Q

What types of specialization can be present in the apical domain?

A

microvilli, cilia

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13
Q

define microvilli
what is the function?

A

hair-like projections on the surface of epithelial cells
fxn: increase SA, increase absorption of nutrients into epithelial cells

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14
Q

define cilia
what is an example of a function?

A

motile projections of some epithelial cells
fxn ex: sweep mucus and germs out of the lungs

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15
Q

What type of epithelia?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Identify the structure idicated by A
Identify the epithelium indictaed by B

A

A. Keratin
B. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Identify the epithelium indicated by A
List one function of this epithelium

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Protection

18
Q

A. Identify the epithelium indicated by A

B. Identify the organelle responsible for the pale staining next to the nucleus. Why does it stain like that?

A

A. Simple columnar microvillus epithelium.
B. Golgi complex. Since this structure is packed with lipids, it does not bind as much eosin as the surrounding area (cytoplasm).

19
Q

A. Identify the epithelium indicated by A
B. List one function of this epithelium

A

A.Transitional epithelium because the top layer has cells that differ in shape significantly.

B. Protection

20
Q

A. Identify the epithelium indicated by A
B. Identify the tissue indicated by B

A

A. Transitional epithelium
B. Loose connective tissue

21
Q

A. Identify the structure in A. What is the mode of secretion?
B. Identify the structure in B. What is the mode of secretion?

A

A. Sebaceous gland. Holocrine mode of secretion. Whole cell disintegrates and the lumen is filled with debris. Therefore, lumen is not visible. Foamy appearance.

B. Apocrine sweat gland. Apocrine mode of secretion. Apical part of cell fragments and released into the lumen. Lumen is visible and you observe fragments of cell in the lumen

22
Q

A.Identify the epithelium indicated by A.

B.Identify the structure indicated by B. What does it contain?

A

A. Simple columnar microvillus epithelium.
B. Striated border. Contains numerous microvilli, which aid in increasing surface area for better absorption of nutrients

23
Q

A. Arrows point to the nuclei of an epithelial tissue lining the lumen of blood vessel. Identify the epithelium.

B. Describe why that type of epithelium is ideal for this location.

A

A. Epithelium is simple squamous epithelium and the structural name is endothelium.

B. Flat, scale-like, single layer of cells fit well here (imagine how much space you have in small capillaries). Importantly, the dimension of this tissue decreases the distance gases and nutrients have to travel across the blood vessel and into surrounding tissue. Therefore, nutrients and gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) can travel rapidly across the blood vessel.

24
Q

A.Identify the epithelium indicated by A.

B.Why is this type of epithelium needed in this location?

A

A. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (dog).

B. Ingested food passes through the esophagus. Depending on the nature of food ingested, it may be either nonkeratinized (dogs and cats) or keratinized (cows and herbivores that eat hard material).

25
Q

A.Identify the epithelium indicated by A.

B.Identify the structure indicated by B.

A

A. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Skin is always
keratinized.

B. Keratin

26
Q

A.Identify the type and mode of secretion in cell indicated by A.

B.Identify the type and mode of secretion in cell indicated by B.

A

A. Mucus cell. Merocrine mode of secretion. These cells remain intact.

B. Serous cell. Merocrine mode of secretion. These cells remain intact. When you think of merocrine mode of secretion, remember EXOCYTOSIS

27
Q

A. Identify the epithelium indicated by A.

B. List one function associated with this epithelium.

A

A. Simple cuboidal epithelium.
B. secretion, absorption, providing conduit.

28
Q

A. Identify the structure in A. What is the mode of secretion?
B. Identify the structure in B. What is the mode of secretion?

A

A. Sebaceous gland. Holocrine mode of secretion.
B. Apocrine sweat gland. Apocrine mode of secretion.

29
Q

A. Identify the epithelium lining the lumen of mammary gland.

B. List one function associated with this epithelium

A

A. Stratified cuboidal epithelium. Two layers of cuboidal cells.
B. Protection

30
Q

What are the two types of exocrine glandular epithelia?

A
  1. unicellular glands (goblet cells)
  2. multicellular glands
31
Q

What are the identifying factors of a goblet cell?

A

single secretory mucus cell. secretory granules fill the apical portion of the cell and the nucleus is pushed toward the base

32
Q

What are the two types of multicellular glands?

A
  1. Serous (watery) glands
  2. Mucus (slimy) glands
33
Q

What are the identifying features of a serous gland?

A
  1. Apical portion is acidophilic.
  2. Nucleaus is spherical and pushed toward the basal side of the cell.
  3. Basal side of the cell is very basohilic due to the RER and Nucleus
34
Q

What kind of gland?

A

Serous

35
Q

What are the identifying features of a mucus gland?

A
  1. Cells are lightly basophilic due to the negatively charged glycoproteins
  2. nuclei are flattened and displaced toward the basal part of the cell
36
Q

What type of gland?

A

Multicellular mucus

37
Q

What are the 3 modes of secretion of multicellular glands?

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
38
Q

Define merocrine mode of secretion

A

Vesicles containing secretory granules are transported via exocytosis to the apical surface

39
Q

Define apocrine mode of secretion

A

The apical portion with its secretory contents in the cytoplasm gets pinched off and the secretory product is released into the lumen

40
Q

Define holocrine mode of secretion

A

Whole cells are fragmented and their contents are released into the lumen

41
Q

What mode of secretion do sebaceous glands do?

A

Holocrine

HISTOLOGY (14 decks)

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