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RTE1418 Introduction to Radiologic Technique > X-ray/Photon Production > Flashcards

X-ray/Photon Production Flashcards

1
Q

potential energy

A

energy at rest

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2
Q

What contains potential energy?

A

a focused electron cloud

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3
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

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4
Q

What contains kinetic energy?

A

an incident electron moving towards the anode

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5
Q

What happens when electrons hit the atoms of the target?

A

they transfer their kinetic energy to the atoms

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6
Q

What percentage of the kinetic energy of the incoming electrons crashing into the target is converted to HEAT?

A

99.8%

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7
Q

What percentage of the kinetic energy of the incoming electrons crashing into the target is converted to useful X-RAYS?

A

less than 1%

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8
Q

What is the distance between the filament and the x-ray tube target?

A

1 cm

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9
Q

kVp (kilovolt peak)

A

the measure of the maximum electrical potential across an x-ray tube

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10
Q

What else can kVp also be called?

A

Potential difference (PD)
Electromotive Force (EMF)
or Voltage (V)

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11
Q

electromotive force

A

another term for kVp

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12
Q

Most radiographs are produced with ____ to _____ kVp techniques

A

50 to 120

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13
Q

1 kVp = _______ Volts

A

1,000

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14
Q

higher kVp causes more electrons to be attracted to the anode target which does what?

A

increases the quantity of x-rays in the beam

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15
Q

the higher the kVp, the greater the _________ ________ of __________ in the space charge

A

kinetic energy; electrons

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16
Q

saturation current occurs:

A

when all possible electrons are attracted over to the anode target

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17
Q

kVp influences…

A

quantity of x-ray beam

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18
Q

beam intensity

A

quantity of the beam

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19
Q

quality of beam:

A

how much kinetic energy the electrons will possess while traveling to the target

20
Q

quantity of beam:

A

amount of electrons travelling to the target

21
Q

more efficient x-ray photon production occurs because of:

A

a higher kVp

22
Q

Does tube current have an effect on the efficiency of photon production?

A

NO

23
Q

keV

A

kilo-electron Volt

24
Q

What does eV describe?

A

the kinetic energy of the electrons in the x-ray tube and the photons produced at the anode target

25
Q

velocity

A

how fast an object is traveling

26
Q

How fast do electrons travel from cathode to anode?

A

approx. half the speed of light

27
Q

Photons travel at the speed of light or they do not exist.

A

true

28
Q

tube voltage is expressed in what?

A

kVp

29
Q

tube current is expressed in what?

A

mA

30
Q

tube current

A

rate of electron flow crossing from cathode to anode

31
Q

tube current is determined by the number of electrons emitted by the filament during ____________ __________.

A

thermionic emission

32
Q

electrons are ___________ as they interact with anode target

A

slowed down

33
Q

What is produced as a result of deceleration of electrons?

A

x-ray photon

34
Q

What type of x-ray photon is produced by electron deceleration?

A

Bremsstrahlung

35
Q

What happens during electron ionization?

A

incident electron ionizes an atom of the target material

36
Q

ionization

A

the addition or removal of an electron

37
Q

What is produced as a result of electron ionization?

A

x-ray photon

38
Q

What type x-ray photon is produced during electron ionization?

A

Characteristic x-ray

39
Q

How can the technologist decrease the intensity of the x-ray beam while maintaining the same beam energy?

A

decrease milliamperage (mA)

40
Q

What 3 factors are required for x-ray production?

A

source of electrons
means of rapidly accelerating electrons
means of rapidly decelerating electrons

41
Q

During an attempted x-ray exposure, the x-ray tube fails to create any x-ray photons. Which of the following conditions is most likely to explain this failure?

A. inadequate mA setting
B. excessive kVp setting
C. breakage of the cathode filament
D. improper warm-up sequence

A

C. breakage of the cathode filament

42
Q

An exposure of an obese patient results in inadequate exposure. What should be modified to increase the energy and penetrability of the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

43
Q

An exposure taken with an 80 kVp would have an x-ray energy spectrum with a maximum photon energy of:

A

80 keV

44
Q

What factor is primarily responsible for controlling the energy of the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

45
Q

What condition is required to induce thermionic emission within the cathode filament?

A

high current

46
Q

Which component of the x-ray tube serves as the source of free electrons?

A

cathode filament

RTE1418 Introduction to Radiologic Technique (12 decks)

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