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RTE1418 Introduction to Radiologic Technique > X-ray Quality and Quantity > Flashcards

X-ray Quality and Quantity Flashcards

1
Q

penetrability

A

ability of x-rays to penetrate deeper in tissue

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2
Q

x-rays that have high penetrability are termed:

A

high-quality x-rays

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3
Q

factors affecting x-ray beam quality:

A

kVp
filtration
target material
generator type

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4
Q

kVp is:

A

the max voltage applied to the tube

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5
Q

increasing kVp:

A

increases the kinetic energy of the electrons therefore creating more photons

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6
Q

required total filtration:

A

2.5 mm Al

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7
Q

collimator and an additional filter (added) provides how much filtration?

A

2.0 mm Al

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8
Q

inherent filtration provides
how much filtration?

A

0.5 mm Al

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9
Q

what is the primary purpose of adding filtration?

A

remove low energy photons from the beam

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10
Q

increasing filtration:

A

increases the average quality of the beam

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11
Q

what does increasing filtration create?

A

more monoenergetic and harder average beam

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12
Q

target material affects both:

A

the number and average quality of photons produced

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13
Q

higher energy x-rays increase in number to a ________________ than low-energy photons

A

greater extent

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14
Q

what will shift the effective energy of the x-ray spectrum?

A

target material

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15
Q

what doesn’t target material shift?

A

the position of spectrum along the x-axis

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16
Q

half value layer (HVL)

A

thickness of a material needed to cut the intensity in half

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17
Q

as beam quality goes up,

A

so does the HVL

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18
Q

the HVL measures the quality of

A

the x-ray beam

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19
Q

what happens if a HVL isn’t enough for a certain kVp amount?

A

additional sheets of filtration are added

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20
Q

as more filtration is added, what happens to the HVL?

A

HVL increases in order to reduce the intensity in half

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21
Q

factors affecting quantity:

A

mA
kvp
exposure time
filtration

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22
Q

quantity is directly proportional to:

A

mA

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23
Q

when mA is doubled:

A

the electrons are doubled, therefore the number of x-rays emitted is doubled

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24
Q

when exposure time is doubled,

A

the number of x-rays emitted is doubled

25
Q

increasing filtration will:

A

decrease the quantity of the beam

26
Q

higher kVp =

A

higher quantity

due to more electron attraction, resulting in greater photon amount (quantity)

27
Q

saturation current:

A

current at its max value because all electrons have been used up

28
Q

doubling kvp increases intensity by a factor of:

A

4!!

29
Q

the higher the Z number of a material:

A

the higher the quantity of x-rays

30
Q

the greater the anode angle, the lesser the:

A

anode heel effect

31
Q

the greater the target angle,

A

the greater the quantity

32
Q

less anode heel effect =

A

greater quantity

33
Q

a more powerful generator will:

A

produce a higher quantity of x-rays

34
Q

variable-kVp techniques

A

uses a fixed mAs value and a kVp that varies according to the
thickness of the anatomical part

produces shorter scale images

35
Q

fixed-kVp technique

A

kVp is selected as the optimum required for penetration of the part. The mAs is then adjusted according to thickness

produces longer gray scale images

36
Q

mA

A

heat (temp) of the filament

37
Q

unit of measure for tube current

A

mA

38
Q

x-ray production require greater quantities of what?

A

voltage

39
Q

longer exposure time =

A

more x-rays produced

40
Q

SID:

A

distance from the Actual focal spot to the IR

41
Q

what is the best protection from radiation?

A

distance

42
Q

required HVL at 130 kVp

A

3.5 mm Al

43
Q

two factors that determine an x-ray photon’s keV

A

kVp
proximity to nucleus

44
Q

what’s the relationship between anode angle and beam quantity?

A

direct (more photons can escape anode)

45
Q

what is the controlling factor for beam quality?

A

kVp

46
Q

the HVL test is a measure of ________ that uses ________ as a unit of measurement

A

quality, quantity

47
Q

why is kVp not used to make adjustments in beam quantity?

A

changes in kVp affect beam quality

48
Q

what characteristic makes a target material an “efficient” target, when it comes to quantity?

A

high Z number

49
Q

the required HVL at 90 kVp is:

A

2.5 mm Al

50
Q

the prime exposure factor that affects both quality and quantity (described as the “big wrench”)

A

kVp

51
Q

increasing SID has what effect on beam quality?

A

none (moving the tube doesn’t affect the energy)

52
Q

changing a 50 kVp setting to a 100 kVp (doubling kVp) will have what effect on beam quantity?

A

increases by 4x

53
Q

who is responsible for performing an annual HVL test?

A

physicist

54
Q

increasing filtration has what effect on HVL?

A

increase

55
Q

x-ray beam quality and differential absorption share what type of relationship?

A

indirect

56
Q

x-ray beam average quality improves by what?

A

filtration

57
Q

what is the difference between intensity and quantity?

A

intensity is the number of photons that land in a certain area due to SID

quantity is the number of x-rays exiting the tube

58
Q

Law of Reciprocity:

A

exposure will be the same if mAs is constant

mAs = mAs = mAs

RTE1418 Introduction to Radiologic Technique (12 decks)

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