Cells Exam 9/29

Question 1

microscope

Answer 1

a tool used to magnify small objects

Question 2

electron microscopes

Answer 2

microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen

Question 3

scanning electron microscope

Answer 3

a type of electron microscope used to build up 3D images of the surface of a specimen

Question 4

transmission electron microscope

Answer 4

an electron microscope that studies the internal structure of cells and takes 2D images

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 6

nuclear membrane

Answer 6

the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls what comes in and out of it

Question 7

eukaryote

Answer 7

cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

the distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

organelles that manufacture proteins

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

the organelle that converts fuel particles into usable energy (ATP)

Question 11

cell membrane

Answer 11

the thin membrane the surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 12

cell wall

Answer 12

a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

Question 13

channel proteins

Answer 13

integral membrane proteins that form channels or pores in the cell membrane to facilitate the passage of ions or molecules

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space

Question 15

osmosis

Answer 15

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 16

active transport

Answer 16

the movement of particles across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration which requires energy

Question 17

endocytosis

Answer 17

the process by which a cell surrounds an object in the outside environment in a portion of the plasma membrane

Question 18

exocytosis

Answer 18

the excretion of materials at the plasma membrane

Question 19

homeostasis

Answer 19

the regulation of the internal environment of a cell or organism to maintain conditions suitable for life

Question 20

cell theory

Answer 20

one of the fundamental ideas of modern biology

Question 21

principles of cell theory

Answer 21

all living cells are composed of one or more cells

cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms

cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material onto their daughter cells

Question 22

examples of prokaryotic organisms

Answer 22

bacteria and virus cells

Question 23

examples of eukaryotic organisms

Answer 23

human, plant, and animal cells

Question 24

Ribosomes are made of a ______ and _______ section.

Answer 24

Small and large

Question 25

What is the cell membrane responsible for?

Answer 25

Homeostasis

Question 26

Additional energy is not required for _______.

Answer 26

Diffusion

Question 27

Electron microscopes can only be used on ______ cells.

Answer 27

Dead