141-171

Question 1

In 3rd degree AV block we can find __ wave moving at - bpm, but bearing no relationship to the __ complexes.

Answer 1

P
60-100
QRS

Question 2

What are the 3 criteria for RBBB?

Answer 2

1. QRS>0.12 (wide)
2. RSR’ in V1 and V2 (rabbit ears)+ST depression + T -wave inversion
3. Reciprocal changes in V5, V6, I, and aVL

Question 3

What are the 4 criteria for LBBB?

Answer 3

1. QRS>0.12 (wide)
2. Broad/notched R wave + prolonged upstroke in V5, V6, I, and aVL with ST depression and T-wave inversion
3. Reciprocal changes in V1 and V2
4. Left axis deviation may be present

Question 4

BBB is diagnosed by looking at the width and configuration of the ___ complexes

Answer 4

QRS

Question 5

_BBB is fairly common in otherwise normal hearts

Answer 5

R

Question 6

_BBB rarely occurs in normal hearts

Answer 6

L

Question 7

The term hemiblock refers to a conduction block of just one of which fascicles?

Answer 7

septal/left anterior/left posterior

Question 8

Hemiblock applies only to _BBB

Answer 8

L

Question 9

Hemiblocks cause ___

Answer 9

axis deviation

Question 10

Left anterior hemiblock cause __ axis deviation between - degrees

Answer 10

left

-30 and -90

Question 11

Left posterior hemiblock cause __ axis deviation

Answer 11

right

Question 12

The QRS complex in hemiblocks is __, and there are no __ segment or __ wave changes

Answer 12

normal
ST
T

Question 13

Which type of hemiblock is more common?

Answer 13

Left anterior

Question 14

What does the term bifascicular block refers to?

Answer 14

The combination of either left anterior or left posterior hemiblock with RBBB

Question 15

What are the 3 criteria for bifasicular block?

Answer 15

1. QRS > 0.12 seconds
2. RSR’ in V1 and V2
3. Left axis deviation between -30 and -90

Question 16

What is an incomplete BBB?

Answer 16

left/right BBB with rabbit ears in V1, but QRS is between 0.10-0.12 seconds

Question 17

How do you call the bypass pathway in Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?

Answer 17

bundle of Kent

Question 18

WPW criteria: X3

Answer 18

1. PR interval <0.12 (less than 3 small cubes)
2. wide QRS complexes
3. Delta wave

Question 19

What is the reason for wide QRS in WPW?

Answer 19

premature ventricular activation

Question 20

What are the 4 stages of MI seen on an ECG?

Answer 20

1. T-wave peaking
2. T- wave inversion
3. ST-segment elevation
4. formation of Q wave

Question 21

In MI T waves inversion will persist for __ to __

Answer 21

months to years

Question 22

In MI T-waves are inverted in a __ fasion

Answer 22

symmetric

Question 23

Inferior infraction is often caused by occlusion of the __ coronary artery. It can be seen in leads ,,_.

Answer 23

right
II
III
aVF

Question 24

Lateral infraction is often caused by occlusion of the __ circumflex coronary artery. It can be seen in leads ,,,.

Answer 24

left
I
aVL
V5
V6

Question 25

Anterior infraction is often caused by occlusion of the __ coronary artery. It can be seen in leads leads _-_

Answer 25

LAD | V1-6

Question 26

Posterior infraction is often caused by occlusion of the __ coronary artery. It can be seen by looking at__changes in the anterior leads, especially in __.

Answer 26

right reciprocal V1

Question 27

Which area of the heart does it involve? 1. Inferior infraction? 2. lateral infraction? 3. anterior infraction? 4. posterior infraction?

Answer 27

1. diaphragmatic surface 2. left lateral wall 3. anterior surface of the left ventricle 4. posterior surface

Question 28

Hyperkalemia will show __ waves peaking, __ interval prolongation, flattening of the __ wave and ultimately the __ complex widens until it merges with the T wave- forming __ wave pattern

Answer 28

``` T PR P QRS sine ```

Question 29

What are the 4 changes seen in an ECG of a patient with hypokalemia?

Answer 29

1. ST-segment depression 2. flattening of the T wave 3. prolongation of the QT interval 4. U waves

Question 30

Hypercalcemia __ the QT interval, while hypocalcemia __ it. Remember that QT prolongation may lead to __

Answer 30

prolongs shortens Torsade de pointes

Question 31

What are the 8 steps when reading an ECG?

Answer 31

1. heart rate 2. intervals 3. axis 4. rhythm 5. AV blocks (AV/BBB/hemi) 6. preexcitation 7. enlargement and hypertrophy 8. coronary artery disease