71-105

Question 1

HIS DEBS= X7

reasons for arrhythmia

Answer 1

Hypoxia
Ischemia/Irritability
Sympathetic Stimulation
Drugs
Electrolyte
Bradycardia
Stretch

Question 2

Hypoxia may be caused by severe chronic __disease and __ among other reasons.

Answer 2

lung

PE

Question 3

Ischemia may be caused by myocardial ___ and ___ for example.

Answer 3

infractions

myocarditis

Question 4

Sympathetic Stimulation is caused by hyper-__, __ heart failure, __, and __, among other reasons.

Answer 4

hyperthyroidism
congestive
nervousness
exercise

Question 5

Mention a drug that may facilitate arrhythmia

Answer 5

quinidine

Question 6

Mentions 3 electrolytes that when disturbed may cause arrhythmia

Answer 6

potassium
calcium
magnesium

Question 7

Bradytachycardia is also known as __ syndrome

Answer 7

sick sinus

Question 8

Cardiac stretch-___ of the /, which is usually caused by cardiomyopathies/valvular disease may lead to arrhythmias.

Answer 8

hypertrophy

atria/ventricles

Question 9

1 small square is __ mm and is equal to __ seconds

Answer 9

1

0.04

Question 10

one heavy line is __ mm and equals __ seconds

Answer 10

5, 0.2

Question 11

What are the 5 basic types of arrhythmias?

Answer 11

sinus origin
ectopic rhythms
re-entrant arrhythmias
conduction blocks
preexcitation

Question 12

inspiration ___ the heart rate, while expiration ___ it.

Answer 12

accelerates

slows

Question 13

Name two common causes for enhanced automaticity leading to ectopic rhythm: __ toxicity, and __ stimulation.

Answer 13

Digitalis toxicity

Beta adrenergic stimulation

Question 14

what are the 4 questions when assessing rhythm?

Answer 14

1- normal P wave?
2- narrow/wide QRS?
3- P vs QRS?
4- regular/irregular?

Question 15

Narrow QRS is < __ seconds, while wide QRS is > than __ seconds.

Answer 15

0.12

Question 16

What does narrow QRS suggest?

Answer 16

A rhythm which originates from the AV node or above

Question 17

Wide QRS suggests a rhythm that originates from the ___

Answer 17

ventricle

Question 18

AV ____ can occur when the ___ wave and __ complex are uncorrelated.

Answer 18

dissociation
P
QRS

Question 19

Where do atrial premature beats originate from?

Answer 19

the atria

Question 20

Where do junctional premature beats originate from?

Answer 20

near the AV node

Question 21

how can you distinguish between normal and premature P?

Answer 21

contour and timing

Question 22

Junctional beats usually do not have a visible __ wave , but sometimes a __ one may be seen

Answer 22

P

retrograde

Question 23

What are the 5 types of sustained supraventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 23

PSVT
flutter
fibrillation
MAT
PAT

Question 24

what usually initiate PSVT?

Answer 24

premature supraventricular beat

Question 25

Name 4 different clinical presentations of PSVT

Answer 25

palpitation shortness of breath dizziness syncope

Question 26

Name two different substances that can cause PSVT?

Answer 26

coffee and alcohol

Question 27

What is usually the rate of PSVT?

Answer 27

150-250 beats per minute

Question 28

what can you do to diagnose/terminate PSVT?

Answer 28

carotid massage

Question 29

what is the heart rate in atrial flutter?

Answer 29

250-350

Question 30

Where is the most common re-entrant circuit run in atrial flutter?

Answer 30

The anulus of the tricuspid valve

Question 31

In atrial flutter we see flutter waves and no __ waves

Answer 31

P

Question 32

Flutter waves can be describes as __-__ pattern

Answer 32

saw toothed

Question 33

What is the most common block in atrial flutter? In what ratio?

Answer 33

AV block- 2:1 ratio

Question 34

___ may increase the degree of the AV block in atrial flutter- it __ terminate the rhythm

Answer 34

carotid massage | won't

Question 35

Name 5 typical conditions associated with atrial flutter:

Answer 35

``` hypertension obesity DM electrolyte imbalances alcohol intoxication/drugs ```