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p2: bacteriology > Small Pleomorphic Gram Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

Small Pleomorphic Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus spp.

A

H. influenzae
H. ducreyi
H. aegypticus
H. vaginalis

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2
Q

Growth requirement of Haemophilus spp.

A

Hematin (X factor)
NAD (V factor)

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3
Q

from blood

A

Hematin

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4
Q

from yeast extract or Staphylococcus aureus

A

NAD

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5
Q

Pfeiffer’s Bacillus

A

Haemophilus spp.

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6
Q

Transmission of Haemophilus spp.

A

via respiratory route

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7
Q

Virulence factor of Haemophilus spp.

A

Capsule
IgA1 protease
Fimbriae
Membrane CHONS

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8
Q

Most virulent type of capsule of haemophilus spp.

A

Type B

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9
Q

Unique polymer of type B capsule of haemophilus spp.

A

polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP)

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10
Q

Most common cause of meningitis in aged <2.y.o.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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11
Q

Major pathogen within the genus haemophilus

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

Gram stain of Haemophilus influenzae

A

gram – negative short rods or coccobacilli

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13
Q

Culture for haemophilus influenzae

A

i. Chocolate agar Plate (CAP)
ii. Blood Agar Plate next to a streak of beta-hemolytic Staph
iii. Mueller-Hinton Agar

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14
Q

Satellite phenomenon

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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15
Q

painful genital ulcer coexisting inguinal lymphadenopathy

A

Chancroid/Soft chancre

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16
Q

Clinical Presentation:
Chancroid/Soft chancre

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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17
Q

Gram stain – small pleomorphic gram negative bacilli in clusters - “school of fish”

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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18
Q

Culture for Haemophilus ducreyi

A
  1. Fresh Clotted Rabbit Blood
  2. 20 – 30% Defibrinated Rabbit Blood agar
  3. Sheep or Horse Blood
  4. Chocolate Agar with 1% IsoVataliX and Vancomycin
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19
Q

Prevention for Haemophilus ducreyi

A

1 gram oral Azithromyxin

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20
Q

Kock-Week’s Bacillus

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

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21
Q

Clinical Presentation
- Pink eye conjunctivitis
- Resembles H. influenzae biotype III

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

22
Q

Formerly Haemophilus vaginalis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

23
Q

Causes Bacterial vaginosis (foul smelling vaginal discharge –fishy odor,
pruritus and dysuria)

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

24
Q

Stains for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Papanicolaou’s stain

25
Q

“clue cells”

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

26
Q

Culture for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Human Blood Tween Agar at 48 hours in 5 – 10% CO2 – Beta hemolysis
V (vaginalis) Agar

27
Q

Positive test for whiff test or sniff tests for G. Vaginalis

A

Fishy- amine like odor

28
Q

Gram – negative aerobic bacilli Associated with environmental
water sources
- airconditioner
- water air cooling systems

A

Legionella pneumophilia

29
Q

Important species of Legionella spp.

A

Legionella pneumophila
Legionella micdadei

30
Q

Legionella pneumophila is also known as

A

Legionnaire’s Pneumonia
Pontiac Fever

31
Q

Legionella micdadei is also known as

A

Pittsburg pneumonia

32
Q

Stain for Legionella pneumophila under _____

A

Dieterle Silver Stain, Immunofluoresacence

33
Q

Requires high concentration of Iron and Cysteine

A

Legionella pneumophila

34
Q

Culture media for Legionella pneumophila

A

i. Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE)
ii. Chocolate agar
iii. Feeley-Gorman Medium (brown pigment)

35
Q

supplemented with L – cyteine, ferric salt and alpha ketoglutarate

A

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE)

36
Q

Ground glass appearance

A

Legionella pneumophila

37
Q

Growth requirement Bordetella spp.

A
  • Nitotinic acid
  • Cysteine
  • usually methionine
38
Q

Clinically important species Bordetella spp.

A
  1. Bordetella pertussis
  2. Bordetella parapertussis
  3. Bordetella bronchiseptica
39
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

40
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

41
Q

Kennel cough in dogs

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

42
Q

Phases of Bordetella pertussis

A
  1. Catarrhal phase (1-2 weeks)
  2. Paroxysmal phase (2 -10 weeks)
43
Q

Phases of bordetella pertussis

  • patient is highly infective
  • susceptible to antibiotic
A

Catarrhal phase

44
Q

Phases of bordetella pertussis

  • antibiotic not effective
A

Paroxysmal phase

45
Q

Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Beta – lactamase producing
  3. Pili (Filamentous hemagglutinin)
  4. Toxins
    - Pertussis toxin
    - Tracheal cytotoxin
46
Q

Culture Media for Bordetella pertussis

A

i. Regan – Lowe
ii. Bordet – Gengou

47
Q

Bordet – Gengou is composed of

A

Potato
20 – 30 % blood
Glycerol

48
Q

may give the appearance of “drop of mercury”

A

Bordetella pertussis

49
Q

Culture for B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica

A

MacConkey Agar
Sheep Blood agar

50
Q

Motility Catalase Urease Oxidase

B. pertussis

A

-+-+

51
Q

Motility Catalase Urease Oxidase

B. parapertussis

A

-++-

52
Q

Motility Catalase Urease Oxidase

B. bronchiseptica

A

++++

p2: bacteriology (11 decks)

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