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Biology Revision > Biodiversity, Species, Taxonomy > Flashcards

Biodiversity, Species, Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Biodiversity

A

The number of species and the number of individuals of each species within a community

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2
Q

What is Species Richness

A

The number of different species in a community

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3
Q

What is a Community

A

All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time

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4
Q

Define Species

A

A group of similar organisms with the same genes.
Reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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5
Q

Define Genetic Diversity

A

Difference in DNA / base sequence / alleles/ genes

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6
Q

What is a Niche

A

An organisms role in the community

How it interacts with other species and how it responds to the environment

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7
Q

Define Habitat

A

A place where an organism lives within an ecosystem

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8
Q

What is Index of Diversity

A

Describes relationship between the number of species in a community and the number of individuals in each species

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9
Q

What does N stand for in the diversity index formula

A

Total number of organisms of all the species

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10
Q

What does n stand for in the diversity index formula

A

The number of organisms of each individual species

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11
Q

What does it mean if the diversity index value is high

A

The greater the species diversity

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12
Q

What information is required to calculate an index of diversity

A

Number of species
Number of individuals in each species

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13
Q

Why is an index of diversity a more useful measure of Biodiversity

A

Measures n.o of individuals in each species
Some species may be present in low/high numbers

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14
Q

What are 2 advantages or using index of diversity rather than an indicator species

A

You do not need to identify each species
Index considers number of organisms of each species

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15
Q

The higher the diversity the more ….. the ecosystem is

A

Stable

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16
Q

Suggest on economic argument for maintaining Biodiversity

A

Suitable example of how some species may be important financially e.g
Commercial products
Medical uses
Tourism
Agriculture

17
Q

How does farming affect species diversity

A

Reduces it

18
Q

How do farming activities affect habiats and niches

A

Reduces variety of food sources and habiats/ niches

19
Q

A forest was cleared to make more land available for farming
After the forest was cleared how the species diversity of insects decreases
Explain why (4)

A
  1. Decrease in variety of plants
  2. Fewer habitats / niches
  3. Decrease in variety of food sources
  4. Aspect of clearing forest/ killing insects e.g machinery, pesticides
20
Q

What is classification and taxonomy

A

Grouping and naming of organisms according to shared characteristics

Taxonomy is the theory and practise of classification

21
Q

What is the binomial naming system

A

-Scientific naming of species
-The name is universal
-First word is Genus
- Second word is Species name

22
Q

How are organisms placed into taxa (groups)

A

Based on shared characteristics which are
Based on evolutionarily of descent

23
Q

Can organisms belong to more than one taxa (3)

A

No.
There is no overlap
Organisms belong to one taxa only
This creates a hierarchy- group are contained within larger groups

24
Q

How many groups are in the Domain taxa and what are they

A

Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea
- single celled prokaryotic. Ether bonds rather than ester. Genes and protien synthesis more similar to euakaryotes

25
Q

What are the Eukaryas 4 kingdoms

A

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista

26
Q

What are the 8 taxonomic group

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

27
Q

As you move down the taxons what happens to n.o of organisms

A

Fewer and fewer organisms in each group
Species contains only 1 type of organism

28
Q

What is meant by a hierarchy

A
  1. Groups within groups
  2. No overlap
29
Q

What is a phylogenetic group

A

Grouped according to common ancestry

30
Q

How do you know if organisms are closely related

A

Organisms which shared a common ancestor more recently are more closely related

31
Q

Why do organisms display courtship behaviour

A

To attract a mate of the same species and opposite sex. Ensure reproductive success

32
Q

Courtship behaviour is …… determined

A

Genetically determined

Organisms which are more closely related will show similar patterns in courtship behaviour

33
Q

Give 5 ways in which courtship behaviour increases the probability of successful mating.

A
  1. Attracts same species
  2. Attracts opposite sex
  3. Indication of sexual maturity
  4. Stimulates release of gametes
  5. Forms pair bond
34
Q

Give 5 ways to compare genetic diversity

A
  1. Frequency of measurable and observable characteristics
  2. Base sequence of DNA
  3. Base sequence of mRNA
  4. Amino acid sequence of protiens encoded by mrna and DNA
35
Q

How can you make an immunological comparison between species

A

If antibodies made in response to one species protien can bind to the protien for another species and agglutinate, they likely shared a common ancestor recently

Biology Revision (7 decks)

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