Manual Muscle Testing MMT Flashcards

1
Q

00 (Zero)

A

No muscle contraction

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2
Q

1 (Trace)

A

Trace muscle contraction w/ no visible joint motion

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3
Q

2- (Poor-)

A

MOVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL PLANE (GRAVITY-REDUCED POSITION)
Joint moves through partial ROM

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4
Q

2 (Poor)

A

MOVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL PLANE (GRAVITY-REDUCED POSITION)
Joint moves through completeROM

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5
Q

2+ (Poor+)

A

MOVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL PLANE (GRAVITY-REDUCED POSITION)
Joint moves through full ROM & holds against slight resistance

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6
Q

3- (Fair-)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Joint moves through partial ROM (between 50% & 100%) w/ gradual release from test position

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7
Q

3 (Fair)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position (no added resistance)

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8
Q

3+ (Fair+)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position against slight resistance

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9
Q

4- (Good-)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position against slight to moderate resistance

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10
Q

4 (Good)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position against moderate resistance

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11
Q

4+ (Good+)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position against moderate to strong resistance

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12
Q

5 (Normal)

A

MOVEMENT AGAINST GRAVITY
Holds test position against strong resistance

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13
Q

Scapular Protraction

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grades 3,4, & 5): They punch the sky
-Proximal Hand Placement: on humorous
-Distal Hand Placement: on forearm

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14
Q

Scapular Retraction

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grades 3,4, & 5):
-Proximal Hand Placement:
-Distal Hand Placement:

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2):
-Stabilization:
-Palpation (Grade 1):

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15
Q

Shoulder Flexion

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grades 3,4, & 5): sitting/standing, w/ shoulder flexed to 90° & forearm neutral (thumb up)
-Proximal Hand Placement:
superior aspect of shoulder girdle
-Distal Hand Placement: superior
aspect of distal humerus

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): side lying on non-test side; shoulder & forearm neutral
-Stabilization: humerus and
forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): anterior
deltoid at anterior aspect of
shoulder

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16
Q

Shoulder Extension

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): prone with shoulder in midrange extension
-Proximal Hand Placement:
posterior scapula
-Distal Hand Placement: distal
posterior humerus

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): side lying on non-test side
-Stabilization: humerus and
forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): latissimus
dorsi and posterior deltoid at
lateral aspect of dorsal scapula

17
Q

Shoulder Abduction

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): standing/sitting, with shoulder abducted to 90°, shoulder externally rotated and forearm supinated (thumb up)
-Proximal Hand Placement:
superior aspect of shoulder girdle
-Distal Hand Placement: lateral
aspect of distal humerus

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): supine
-Stabilization: humerus and
forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): middle
deltoid at lateral aspect of
shoulder; supraspinatus at
superior aspect of scapula

18
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): prone with shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90° in midrange horizontal abduction
-Proximal Hand Placement:
posterior scapula
-Distal Hand Placement: posterior
aspect of distal humerus

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): sitting with shoulder supported in 90° abduction and elbow in 90° flexion
-Stabilization: elbow and forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): posterior
deltoid at posterior aspect of
shoulder

19
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): supine with shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90° in midrange horizontal adduction
-Proximal Hand Placement:
anterior shoulder girdle over
clavicle (opposite shoulder)
-Distal Hand Placement: anterior
aspect of distal humerus

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): sitting with shoulder supported in 90° abduction and elbow in 90° flexion
-Stabilization: elbow and forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): elbow and
forearm

20
Q

Shoulder External Rotation

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): prone with shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90°; humerus supported with towel roll to maintain alignment with the trunk in the frontal plane; shoulder in midrange external rotation
-Proximal Hand Placement:
posterior humerus against plinth
-Distal Hand Placement: dorsal
aspect of distal forearm

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): standing/sitting, with upper arm against side of body and elbow flexed to 90°
-Stabilization: forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1): posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and teres minor at posterior shoulder

21
Q

Shoulder Internal Rotation

A

-Against-Gravity Position (Grade 3,4, & 5): prone with shoulder abducted to 90° and elbow flexed to 90°; humerus supported with towel roll to maintain alignment with the trunk in the frontal plane; shoulder in midrange internal rotation
-Proximal Hand Placement:
posterior humerus against plinth
-Distal Hand Placement: volar
aspect of distal forearm

-Gravity-Eliminated Position (Grade 2): standing (shown) or sitting, with upper arm against side of body and elbow flexed to 90°
-Stabilization: forearm
-Palpation (Grade 1):
standing/sitting, with upper arm
against side of body and elbow
flexed to 90°

22
Q

Agonist

A

Prime Mover (muscles on the concentric side)

23
Q

Antagonist

A

Contrasting Muscle (muscles on the eccentric side)

24
Q

Synergistic

A

Muscles that assist the prime mover (when two muscles are doing two different functions but need eachother to do the separate functions)

25
Q

Importance of proximal stability

A

In order to have proper functioning and mobility in distal structures – like our legs and arms – we must first make sure we’re stable at proximal structures – like our core and more mid-line structures