8.1

Question 1

what forms can behaviour take (2 marks)?

Answer 1

behaviour can take the form of externally observable actions or internal processes (emotions, thoughts)

Question 2

what are the three broad categories of behaviours?

Answer 2

1. reflexes
2. instincts
3. learned behaviours

Question 3

reflex

Answer 3

involuntary response to stimuli

• fast and automatic

Question 4

where are most reflexes controlled by in humans?

Answer 4

by the nervous system circuits in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 5

advantages and disadvantages of reflexes

Answer 5

+ fast and reliable responses for our wellbeing

• inflexible (goosebumps has reduced advantage, but we still retain this behaviour)

Question 6

Insticts

Answer 6

fixed action patterns
inborn patterns of behaviour released by environmental stimuli
=> yawning - once we begin, difficult to stop

Question 7

Instincts and reflexes

Answer 7

Both are reliable, lack of dependence on experience

More neurons needed for instincts compared to reflexes

Question 8

Learning

Answer 8

relative permanent change in behavior DUE to experience
=> enormous advantage in surviving a changing world