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gen path lec > Neoplasia 1 > Flashcards

Neoplasia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia means?

A

New growth

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2
Q

Greek word of tumor

A

Oncos

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3
Q

A collection of cells and stroma composing new growths

A

Neoplasms

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4
Q

Two components of a tumor or neoplasm

A

Tumor parenchyma and reactive stroma

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5
Q

A component of tumor or neoplasm that is composed of neoplastic cells. It also determines the tumor classification and their biologic behavior

A

Tumor parenchyma

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6
Q

A component of neoplasm that is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels and cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. It determines the growth and spread of the tumor

A

Reactive stroma

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7
Q

Remained localized at their site of origin and are generally amenable to surgical removal

A

Benign tumors

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8
Q

Types of benign tumors

A

Mesenchymal and epithelial

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9
Q

Suffix for benign tumors, both in mesenchymal and epithelial

A

“Oma”

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10
Q

Derived from glandular tissues even if the tumor cell fails to form glandular structures

A

Adenoma

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11
Q

Fingerlike or warty projections

A

Papilloma - epithelial tumors

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12
Q

A benign tumor that is a large cystic mass (in the ovary)

A

Cystadenoma

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13
Q

Benign tumors that isa papillary projection that protrudes into cystic spaces

A

Papillary cystadenoma

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14
Q

Benign tumor that is grossly visible projection above a mucosal surface
e.g gastric or colonic lumen

A

Polyp

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15
Q

Benign tumor that is a polypoid tissue with containing glandular elements

A

Adenomatous polyp

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16
Q

Can invade and destroy adjacent structure and spread to distant sites

A

Malignant tumor

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17
Q

Suffix for malignant tumor

A

Sarcoma

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18
Q

Types of malignant tumor

A

Mesenchymal tumor
Epithelial tumors
Mixed tumors

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19
Q

What are mesenchymal tumors

A

A malignant tumor that are Blood forming cells ( leukemia and lymphoma )

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20
Q

Malignant epithelial tumors are called?

A

Carcinoma

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21
Q

Tumors having more than one line of differentiation

A

Mixed tumor

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22
Q

Examples of mixed tumors

A

Mature cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst

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23
Q

Greek sar = ?

A

Fleshy

24
Q

Benign and malignant name for connective tissues and derivatives

Fibrous tissue
Adipocytes
Cartilage cells
Bone cells
Muscle cells
- smooth
- striated

A

Fibroma - fibrosarcoma
Lipoma - liposarcoma
Chondroma -chondrosarcoma
Osteoma - osteogenic sarcoma
Leiomyoma - leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyoma - rhabdomyosarcoma

25
Q

Vessels and surface coverings

Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
Mesothelium
Brain covering

A

Hemangioma - angiosarcoma
Lymphangioma - lymphangiosarcoma
Benign fibrous tumor - mesothelioma
Meningioma - invasive meningioma

26
Q

Tissue origin of meningioma

A

Meningothelial cells

27
Q

Blood cells and related cell types

Hematopoietic cells
Lymphoid tissues

A

Malignant:
- leukemias
- lymphomas

28
Q

Tumors of epithelial origin:

Stratified squamous
Basal cells of skin or adnexa
Melanocytes
Epithelial lining of glands or ducts
Respiratory passages
Renal epithelium
Liver cells
Urinary tract epithelium (transitional epithelium)
Placenta epithelium
Testicular epithelium (germ cells)

A

Squamous cell papilloma - squamous cells carcinoma
——— basal cell carcinoma
Nevus - malignant melanoma
Adenoma papilla cystadenoma - adenocarcinoma papillary carcinomas cystadenocarcinoma
Bronchial adenoma - bronchogenic carcinoma
Renal tubular adenoma - renal cell carcinoma
Hepatic adenoma - hepatocellular carcinoma
Transitional cell papilloma - transitional cell carcinoma
Hydatidiform mole - choriocarcinoma
——— seminoma embryonal carcinoma

29
Q

More than one neoplastic cell type - mixed tumors, usually derived from one germ cell layer

Salvary glands
Renal anlage

A

Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor of salivary origin) - malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland origin

—— wilms tumor

30
Q

More than one neoplastic cell type derived from more than one germ cell layer - teratogenous
Totipotential cells in gonads or i embryonic rests

A

Mature teratoma - immature teratoma
dermoid cyst —- teratocarcinoma

31
Q

A benign neoplasm that has a disorganized masses composed of cells indigenous to the involved tissue

A

Hamartomas

32
Q

Heterotopic (misplaced) rest of cells

A

Choristoma or heterotopia

33
Q

Comparison between benign and malignant tumor

Differentiation/anaplasia
Rate of growth
Local invasion
Metastasis

A

BENIGN
- well differentiated
- usually progressive and slow
- does not infiltrate or invade surrounding normal tissues
- absent

MALIGNANT
- lack differentiation (anaplasia)
- erratic
- locally invasive
- frequent: with large undifferentiated primary tumors

34
Q

The spread of tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor

A

Metastasis

35
Q

Typical of spread of sarcomas but is also seen with carcinomas

A

Hematogenous spread

36
Q

Most carcinoma are found to have what spread?

A

Lymphatic spread

37
Q

3 categories of metastasis?? Or carcinomas

A
  1. Direct seeding of body cavities or surface
  2. Lymphatic spread
  3. Hematogenous spread
38
Q

Abnormal nuclear morphology

A
  1. Increased N:C ratio
  2. Nuclear shape
  3. Chromatin
  4. Hyperchromatism
39
Q

What is the normal N:C ratio

A

1:4 to 1:6

40
Q

Variation in cell size and shape

A

Pleomorphism

41
Q

Morphologic change of malignant neoplasm

A

Poorly and moderately differentiated neoplasms
Pleomorphism
Abnormal nuclear morphology

42
Q

Reflects high rate of proliferation

A

Mitoses

43
Q

sheets or large masses of tumor cells grow in a disorganized fashion

A

Loss of polarity

44
Q

What kind of necrosis occurs inmalignant neoplasms

A

Ischemic necrosis

45
Q

Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
Prone ti malignant transformation

A

Metaplasia

46
Q

Metaplasia of barret esophagus and squamous metaplasia of bronchus

A

BE - squamous to columnar epithelium
SMB - respiratory epithelium to squamous epithelium

47
Q

Means disordered growth
May exhibit
- pleomorphism
- large hyperchromatic nuclei
- high N:C ratio

A

Dysplasia

48
Q

A precursor to malignancy

A

Dysplasia

49
Q

Full thickness dysplasia
No breach in the basement membrane

A

Carcinoma in situ

50
Q

Where can you see carcinoma in situ

A

Skin, breast, bladder and uterine cervix

51
Q

High probability of progression to invasive acncer

A

Carcinoma in situ

52
Q

Examples of local invasion - malignant neoplasm

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma - breast

53
Q

Tissue origin of mature teratoma and dermoid cyst

A

Totipotential cells in gonads or in embryonic rests

54
Q

Examples of local invasion - benign neoplasm

A

Fibroadenoma
Hemangioma

55
Q

The study of new growth or neoplasms

A

Oncology

56
Q

examples of epithelial tumor in malignant tumor

A

squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

57
Q
A

gen path lec (7 decks)

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