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gen path lec > FGT > Flashcards

FGT Flashcards

1
Q

Means “disordered growth”

A

Dysplasia

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2
Q

Characterized by a constellation of changes that include a loss in the uniformity of the individual cells as well as a loss in their architectural orientation

A

Dysplasia

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3
Q

Dysplastic change that involve the full thickness of the epithelium, but the lesion does not penetrate the basement membrane

A

Carcinoma in situ

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4
Q

Accounts for 60% of cases of carcinoma in situ

A

Human Papilloma virus 16

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5
Q

Accounts for 10% of cases of carcinoma in situ

A

HPV 18

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6
Q

HPV infects?

A

Immature basal cells or immature metaplastic squamous cells

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7
Q

Prevents cell cycle arrest in carcinoma in situ, cervix

A

HPV E6 and E7 protein

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8
Q

The most common histologic subtype, accounting for approx 80% of cases

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, cervix

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9
Q

Risk factor of SCCA, cervix

A

HPV infection

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10
Q

The most common invasive cancer of the FGT

A

Endometrial carcinoma

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11
Q

What patters does endometrioid adenocarcinomas demonstrate?

A

Glandular growth patterns

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12
Q

Histologic grade of endometrioid adenocarcinomas
1. Grade 1
2. Grade 2
3. Grade 3

A
  1. Well differentiated - composed almost entirely of well formed glands
  2. Moderately differentiated - shows well - formed glands, composed of solid sheets of cells, make up 50% or less of the tumor
  3. Poorly differentiated - greater than 50% solid growth patterns
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13
Q

Benign smooth muscle neoplasms that may occur singly, but more often are multiple

A

Leiomyoma

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14
Q

Where can leiomyoma occur?

A

Within the myometrium (intramural)
Beneath the endometrium (submucosal)
Beneath the serosa (subserosal)

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15
Q

are sharply circumscribed, discrete, round, firm, gray-white tumors varying in size from small, barely visible nodules to massive tumors that fill the pelvis

A

Leiomyomas

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16
Q

Uncommon malignant neoplasm that arise from the myometrium or endometrial stromal precursor rather than leiomyoma

A

Leiomyosarcoma

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17
Q

Peak age of leiomyosarcoma and where can it occur?

A

Peak age: 40-60yo
Occur: before and after menopause

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18
Q

Metastasis of leiomyosarcoma

A

Hematogenous

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19
Q

Distinction between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma

A

Nuclear atypia
Mitotic index (10 or more per 10 high power field)
Zonal necrosis

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20
Q

Fallopian tube inflammations

A

Suppurative salpingitis and tuberculous salpingitis

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21
Q

Kinds of fallopian tube cysts

A

Paratubal cysts and hydatids of morgagni

22
Q

Smaller fallopian tube cyst

A

Paratubal cysts

23
Q

Larger fallopian tube cyst

A

Hydatids of morgagni

24
Q

Difference in cystic follicles and follicular cysts

A

Size

25
Q

Size of cystic follicle

A

2mm with fluid

26
Q

Size of follicular cyst

A

More than 2mm in size

27
Q

Central morphologic abnormality of PCOS

A

Numerous cystic follicles or follicle cyst

28
Q

Ovarian tumors that ( -80%) occur mostly in young women between 2- and 45 years of age

A

Benign tumors

29
Q

Ovarian tumors - ( tumors of indeterminate malignancy) occur at slightly older ages

A

Borderline tumors

30
Q

Ovarian tumors that are more common in women between 45 and 65 years of age

A

Malignant tumors

31
Q

Most primary ovarian neoplasms arise from

A

Mullerian epithelium

32
Q

3 histologic types of epithelial differentiation

A

Serous
Mucinous
Endometrioid

33
Q

WHO classifications of ovarian neoplasms benign:
malignant:

A

Benign
- cystadenoma
- cystadenofibroma
- adenofibroma

Malignant
- cystadenocarcinoma
- adenocarcinoma

34
Q

Most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

Serous tumor

35
Q

Percentage of serous tumor if either benign or malignant

A

70% are benign/borderline
30% are malignant

36
Q

Risk factor or serous tumor

A

BRCA1 and 2 mutations

37
Q

Multi cystic lesion in which papillary epithelium is contained within fibrous walled cysts

Mass projecting from the ovarian surface

A

Serous tumor

38
Q

Other name for “medusa head” configuration

A

Micro papillary pattern

39
Q

Middle adult life and are rare before puberty and after menopause

Vast majority are benign or borderline tumors

Primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas: uncommon

A

Mucinous tumors

40
Q

3 categories of teratoma

A

Mature teratoma
Immature teratoma
Monodermal teratoma

41
Q

Mature (benign) teratomas are often referred to as?

A

Dermoid cyst

42
Q

Component tissue resemble embryonal and immature fetal tissue

A

Immature malignant teratoma

43
Q

2 Metastatic tumor of the ovary

A

Mullerian origin
Extra-mullerian origin

44
Q

Metastatic tumor of the ovary

Uterus,fallopian tube, contralateral ovary, or pelvic peritoneum

A

Mullerian origin

45
Q

Metastatic tumors of the ovary

Carcinomas of the breast and GIT
Pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Extra-mullerian

46
Q

Metastatic tumor of the ovary has what kind of appearance?

A

“Signet-ring” appearance

47
Q

Most common site of ectopic pregnancy

A

Extrauterine fallopian tube

48
Q

Abnormalities of placental implantation

A

Accreta
Increta
Percreta

49
Q

Gestational throphoblastic disorder that has 2.5% risk of choriocarcinoma

A

Complete mole

50
Q

Gestational throphoblastic disorder that has no rish for choriocarcinoma

A

Partial mole

51
Q

A malignant neoplasm of trophoblastic cells derived from a previously normal or abnormal pregnancy

A

Gestational choriocarcinoma

gen path lec (7 decks)

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