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Neuro yr 2 > cerebral cortex > Flashcards

cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways in which we microscopically organise
the cerebral cortex?

A

layers and columns

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2
Q

what are layers?

A

numbers: outermost= 1

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3
Q

what are columns?

A

colours

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4
Q

what is cytoarchitecture?

A

based on 1) cell size 2) spacing or packing density 3) layers

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5
Q

what are the lobes

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital,

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6
Q

frontal lobe roles? 5

A

attention, memory, cognitive functions, language, motor function

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7
Q

parietal lobe role specific?

A

1) sensory aspects of language
2) sensation
3) spatial orientation and self- perception

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8
Q

temporal lobe roles?

A

auditory, memory, EMOTIONS

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9
Q

where is the limbic lobe?

A

not a specific location

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10
Q

what structures does the limbic lobe include?

A

amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, MAMILLARY body

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11
Q

what is the green highlighted thing on slide 11 (like an arch surrounding midbrain)

A

cingulate gyrus
(nottt limbic lobe although that’s the name of the slide)

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12
Q

where is the insular cortex?

A

deep within lateral fissure (think of: insulation: mesa mesa ehe monosi)

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13
Q

role of insular cortex

A

1) visceral sensations and interoception
2) autonomic control (heart I think ect)
3) visual- vestibular integration

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14
Q

Differences between fissure and sulcus

A

1) fissure is larger
2) if you open fissure there’s smith else inside - sulcus is surface

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15
Q

what does grey matter consist of?

A

glial cells and cell bodies

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16
Q

what does white matter consist of?

A

myelinated neuronal axons

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17
Q

is white or grey matter outermost in brain + spinal cord?

A

brain: grey, spinal cord: white

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18
Q

what are the bundles of nerve axons called in white matter?

A

tracts

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19
Q

what is the plane of the section slicing from front of the eyes back? (3 synonyms)

A

axial, horizontal, transverse

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20
Q

what do white matter tracts do?

A

connect cortical AREAS

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21
Q

what are the general categories of white matter tracts?

A

1) association fibres, 2) commissural fibres 3) projection fibres

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22
Q

role of association fibres?

A

connect AREAS within a hemisphere

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23
Q

role of commissural fibres?

A

connect homologous structures between the two hemispheres

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24
Q

role of projection fibres?

A

connect cortex to lower brain structures (ex hypothalamus, spinal cord, brain stem)

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25
Q

2 examples of commissural fibres?

A

corpus callosum, anterior commissure

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26
Q

2 categories of association fibres

A

short and long

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27
Q

Dif between short and long association fibres

A

short: within same lobe long: between lobes (remember tho: association fibres: within same hemisphere)

28
Q

the 4 LONG association fibre tracts

A

superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus , inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus

29
Q

what does the superior longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

frontal and occipital lobes

30
Q

what does the arcuate fasciculus connect?

A

frontal and temporal lobes

31
Q

what does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

temporal and occipital lobes

32
Q

what does the uncinate fasciculus connect

A

anterior frontal and temporal lobes

(remember the weird name is the weird connection with the orange
on slide 16 that looked like short)

33
Q

predictability of function of primary vs secondary (association) cortices

A

primary more predictable

34
Q

organisation of primary vs secondary (association) cortices

A

topographical in primary vs not topographical in secondary

35
Q

left- right hemisphere symmetry of primary vs secondary (association) cortices

A

primary: symmetrical, secondary: weaker symmetry

36
Q

function of primary motor cortex

A

controls fine, discrete, precise voluntary movements.

37
Q

which lobe is the motor cortex in?

A

frontal lobe

38
Q

what kind of signals does primary motor cortex give and through what tract?

A

descending through corticospinal tract

39
Q

role of supplementary motor cortex

A

planning complex movements internally cued (like seeing an object and reaching for it)

40
Q

function of premotor area

A

involved in planning externally cued movements (responding to something that you’ve heard or seen)

remember: pre: before you go in; out!!

41
Q

in which lobe are the somatosensory cortices?

A

parietal

42
Q

primary somatosensory role

A

processes somatic sensations arising from receptors in the body (e.g. fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain and temperature.

(senses of what ur touching)

43
Q

somatosensory association function

A

INTERPRETING significance of sensory info: recognising an object at hand

awareness of self and personal space

44
Q

primary visual cortex role

A

process visual stimuli

45
Q

visual association centre role

A

interpret visual stimuli and gives meaning

46
Q

what lobe is the auditory cortices in?

A

temporal lobe

47
Q

primary auditory role

A

process auditory stimuli

48
Q

auditory association role

A

gives meaning and interpret

49
Q

brocas area what is it and role

A

an other association area production of language: expressing yourself

50
Q

wernicke’s area what is it and role

A

another association centre understanding of language

51
Q

prefrontal cortex role (PPAAD)

A

(think of them as a story/ linked terms:)

attention->
planning- >
decision making->
personality expression-> adjusting osial behaviour

52
Q

what may happen after lesion in right hemisphere in parietal lobe? what is the phenomenon called?

A

contralateral neglect, lack of awareness of self and extrapersonal space on left side

53
Q

temporal lobe lesions consequences and term used

A

inability to recognise, agnosia

54
Q

what happened to HM after removal of anterior medial temporal lobe and what’s the term?

A

can’t men new memories, anterograde amnesia. ( new: ananeosi: anterograde)

55
Q

is it lesion on brocas or wernickes area when someone wants to say 2 books on the table they say book book table?

A

brocas

56
Q

is it lesion on brocas or wernickes area when someone speaks but says random words?

A

wenicke’s (bc they don’t understand but can produce speech)

57
Q

what does the arcuate fasciculus connect?

A

brocas to wernickes area

58
Q

lesion in which cortex leads to prosopagnosia (face blindness)?

A

visual association

59
Q

PET scans provide images based on what?

A

blood flow directly to a brain region

60
Q

fMRIs provide images based on what?

A

amount of OXYGEN in blood in a brain region

61
Q

what does electroencephalography measure? (eeg)

A

Measures electrical signals produces by the brain

62
Q

what do EEG and MEG stand for

A

electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography

63
Q

what does Magnetoencephalography – (MEG) measure?

A

Measures magnetic signals produces by the brain

64
Q

what kind of signals are electrical and magnetic signals?

A

event related/ evoked potentials (see signals in responce to perceiving an event)

65
Q

what is DTI

A

diffusion tensor imaging

66
Q

how does DTI work

A

based on diffusion of water molecules

67
Q
A

Neuro yr 2 (13 decks)

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