Patho Exam 2(Respiratory, & Urinary Function)

Question 1

What is in your upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Mouth
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

What is in your lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 3

The air conducting portion of the respiratory system delivers WHAT to the lungs? then travels to the WHAT?

Answer 3

air
pharynx

Question 4

The organs of the air conducting functional division are?

Answer 4

Nasal cavity
Oral Cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx

Question 5

Rhinitis (common cold)

Answer 5

Caused by rhinovirus which is highly contagious.

Manifestations: sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, low grade fever, headache

Incubation period: 2-3 days

Question 6

Rhinosinusitis (sinusitis, sinus infection)

Answer 6

Inflammation of the sinus cavities
Causes: viruses, bacteria, and fungi
Exudate collects and blocks the sinus cavities.

Manifestations: facial pain, nasal congestion, fever, & sore throat

Question 7

Laryngitis (voice box)

Answer 7

Inflammation of the Larynx

Causes: infection, increased upper respiratory exudate, and overuse

Manifestations: hoarseness, weak voice, sore throat, dry cough

Question 8

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchits)

Answer 8

Common viral infection in children

Larynx and surrounding area swell, leading to airway narrowing, obstruction, and respiratory failure.

Manifestations: nasal congestion, seal like barking cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, dyspnea

Question 9

Influenza (flu)

Answer 9

Three types: type a (most severe), b (less severe), &c (usually causes small outbreaks)

Manifestations: fever, headache, chills, dry cough, body aches, nasal congestion, sore throat

Question 10

Bronchitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi

Causes: viruses, bacterial, irritant inhalation, and allergic reactions

Manifestations: productive and nonproductive cough, dyspnea, wheezing,

Question 11

Pneumonia

Answer 11

Inflammation of lung tissue (alveoli); air sacs filled with fluid/pus.

Viral: usually mild, can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia

Bacterial: more common than viral, Streptococcus pneumoniae

Aspiration pneumonia: from aspirated fluid entering lungs

Question 12

Tuberculosis

Answer 12

Caused by the bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, airborne droplets which is very contagious.

Manifestations: productive cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, fever, chills, fatigue

Diagnosis: skin test (Mantoux), chest X-ray

Treatment: antimicrobial combination therapy for at least 6 months