Chapter two: chemical level of organization

Question 1

chemical elements

Answer 1

they are building blocks.
there are 118 elements and each element cannot be split into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

particle that has a positive or a negative charge b/c it has unequal number of protons and electrons

Question 3

pH scale

Answer 3

(potential of hydrogen) scale that evaluates a solutions’ acidity or alkalinity which extends from 0-14

Question 4

carbonic acid

Answer 4

an important buffer system that removes or adds protons (H+) to help maintain pH homeostasis

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

within the nucleus and positively charged

Question 6

characteristics of matter

Answer 6

volume (occupies space)
mass = amount of matter in any object

Question 7

atomic # =

Answer 7

protons

#electrons

Question 8

of neutrons =

Answer 8

atomic mass - number of protons

Question 9

octet rule

Answer 9

chemical principle explains why atoms interact in predictable ways through electron shell filling

Question 10

isotopes

Answer 10

have different number of neutrons but same number of protons which changes mass and makes it unstable

Question 11

order of bonds from strongest to weakest

Answer 11

ionic bond (strongest)
covalent bond (middle)
hydrogen bond (very weak)

Question 12

atoms

Answer 12

make up elements
smallest unit of matter that retain properties/characteristics of the element.
consists of nucleus which contains protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 13

subatomic particles

Question 14

organic molecules

Question 15

ionic reaction/bond

Answer 15

the force of attraction that holds ions together with opposite charges

Question 16

mass number

Answer 16

sum of its protons and neutrons

Question 17

atomic mass

Answer 17

the average mass of all its naturally occurring isotopes

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of neighboring electronegative atoms most often larger oxygen or nitrogen atoms

Question 19

double covalent bond

Answer 19

when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

Question 20

triple covalent bond

Answer 20

when 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons

Question 21

covalent bond

Answer 21

-forms when two or more atoms share valence electrons
-the larger the number of electron pairs shared between 2 atoms, the stronger the covalent bond
-covalent bonds may be single, double, triple, and either nonpolar or polar

Question 22

electronegativity

Answer 22

the power to attract electrons to itself

Question 23

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 23

when 2 atoms share electrons equally
one atom does not attract the shared electrons more than the other

Question 24

polar covalent bond

Answer 24

when 2 atoms share electrons unequally
the nucleus of one atom attracts more the shared electrons than the other

Question 25

cations

Answer 25

positively charged ion

Question 26

anion

Answer 26

negatively charged ion

Question 27

single covalent bond

Answer 27

when 2 atoms share one electron pair

Question 28

buffer systems

Answer 28

convert strong acids or bases into weak ones

Question 29

buffers

Answer 29

chemical compounds that can convert strong acids and bases into weak ones

Question 30

acid solution

Answer 30

has pH below 7 and has more [H+] than [OH-]

Question 31

salt

Answer 31

are neither [H+] or [OH-]
salt is an electrolyte in the body (example: potassium chloride KCL)
acids and bases react together to form salt

Question 32

how do dna and rna d

Question 33

chemistry

Answer 33

the science of structure and interactions of matter