lymphatic and immune system

Question 1

natural active

Answer 1

Ag —> Ab

Question 2

natural passive

Answer 2

recieve Ab from mother

Question 3

artificial active

Answer 3

vaccine
example: polio, mmr

Question 4

artificial passive

Answer 4

receive antibody through injectible and short lived
example: medicine for RH- mom, and tetanus shot (10 yrs)

Question 5

IgG

Answer 5

Greatest quantity
cross placenta

Question 6

IgM

Answer 6

5 subunits\
first responder
short lived

Question 7

IgA

Answer 7

in other body fluids except blood

Question 8

IgD

Question 9

IgE

Answer 9

involved in allergies

Question 10

T cell (T lymphocytes)

Answer 10

T-helper
T-inhibitor( does not stop at non threatening substances like pollen)
T-memory (activate more aggressive response after re-exposure to antigen) protect against previously encountered pathogens
T-NK (share characteristics of both innate and adaptive immunity)

Question 11

Immune system
NON specific vs specific

Answer 11

non specific immunity is barriers like skin and cellular for non particular items like dust, bacteria, etc
specific immunity = more complex and involves antigens (Ag) and antibodies aka immunoglobulins (IG) and involves T- lymphocytes/B lymphocytes

Question 12

innate aka non specific immunity

Answer 12

generalized immunity all humans are born with including physical/chemical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, tears, and generalized white blood cells like macrophages
non specific because acts against all microbes in the same way

Question 13

adaptive aka specific immunity

Answer 13

learned by the body based on previous exposure to pathogens and includes B/T lymphocyte cells and Ag+Ab
based on specific response to specific microbe

Question 14

epitopes

Answer 14

part of antigen recognized by the immune system

Question 15

what cells produce Ab aka immunoglobulins (IG)?

Answer 15

plasma cells and B lymphocytes

Question 16

tonsils are involved in ?

Answer 16

filtering

Question 17

what do lymph vessels do?

Answer 17

filter

Question 18

what happens to thymus gland as you age?

Answer 18

it gets smaller and produces less T-lymphocytes

Question 19

what is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

what does the spleen do with RBCs?

Answer 20

it is a reservoir for RBCs and it breaks them down to reutilize RBC components

Question 21

what is emphysema?

Answer 21

loss of flexibility in alveoli not allowing to get rid of CO2

Question 22

what is given to patients with emphysema?

Answer 22

pure O2 since they cannot get rid of CO2

Question 23

immunity aka resistance is

Answer 23

the ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses

Question 24

lymphoid or lymphatic system consist of

Answer 24

lymph plasma,
lymphatic vessels
lymphoid tissue
red bone marrow
lymph
lymph nodes
lymph capillaries
lacteals
spleen
thymus gland
tonsils

Question 25

lacteals

Answer 25

are lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that absorb lipids to carry them into lymphatic vessels and ultimately into the blood

Question 26

what produces WBC?

Answer 26

bone marrow

Question 27

lysis

Answer 27

cells loose their contents

Question 28

lymphoid system

Answer 28

assists in circulating body fluids and helps defend the body against disease causing agents

Question 29

lymph plasma

Answer 29

interstitial fluid (excess filtered fluid) after passing into lymphatic vessels
interstitial fluid is found between cells and lymph plasma is within lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissue

Question 30

lymphoid tissue

Answer 30

contain large numbers of lymphocytes (agranular white blood cells B or T)

Question 31

lymphocyte

Answer 31

agranular WBC and B/T cells participate in adaptive immunity

Question 32

spleen

Answer 32

largest lymphoid tissue
storage site for blood platelets
does phagocytosis of aged RBCs
produces blood cells during fetal life
only has efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 33

functions of the lymphoid system

Answer 33

drain excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood
transport dietary lipids from the digestive canal to the blood
protect against invasion through immune responses

Question 34

what is an important function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 34

returning fluid and proteins to the cardiovascular system
returning lost blood plasma proteins and lymph plasma to the bloodstream

Question 35

Afferent lymph vessels

Answer 35

bring unfiltered fluids (lymph plasma) from the body lymphatic capillaries into the lymph node where they are filtered
directs lymph plasma inward

Question 36

Efferent lymph vessels

Answer 36

meaning away from lymph node, carry the clean fluid away and back to the bloodstream where it helps form plasma

Question 37

lymphatic vessels are similar to veins because

Answer 37

they have valves but are thinner walls and more valves

Question 38

lymph plasma passes through

Answer 38

lymphatic capillaries
2. lymphatic vessels
3. lymph nodes
4. lymphatic trunks
5.veins

Question 39

what are the principal lymphatic trunks?

Answer 39

lumbar, intestinal, broncho-mediastinal, subclavian, and jugular trunks

Question 40

broncho-mediastinal trunk does what?

Answer 40

drains lymph plasma from the thoracic wall, lung, and heart

Question 41

what does the jugular trunk do?

Answer 41

drain lymph plasma from the head and neck

Question 42

what does the subclavian trunk do?

Answer 42

drains lymph plasma from the upperlimbs

Question 43

what does the lumbar trunk do?

Answer 43

drains lymph plasma from the lower limbs

Question 44

what are the three lymphatic trunks on the right side that sometimes joint to form a lymphatic duct?

Answer 44

bronchomediastinal trunk
jugular trunk
subclavian trunk

Question 45

lymph nodes

Answer 45

remove foreign substances by filtering lymph plasma, phagocytosis, and immune rxns
-covered by a capsule
-function as a type of filter

Question 46

the main duct for the return of lymph plamsa to the blood is

Answer 46

the thoracic duct