2.1.7 Prokaryotic cells

Question 1

what are prokaryotes possessed of?

Answer 1

uni-cellular organisms, Eubacteria or Archea

Question 2

what are eukaryotes possessed of?

Answer 2

animal, plant, fungi and protist (which is also uni-cellular)

Question 3

what are Archea?

Answer 3

extremophiles

Question 4

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? membrane bound organelles

Answer 4

prokaryotes don’t have membrane bound. organelle
eukaryotes do

Question 5

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? cell wall

Answer 5

prokaryotic cell has cross-linked peptidoglycan cell wall
eukaryotic has cellulose cell wall

Question 6

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? ribosomes

Answer 6

E- large 80s ribosomes
P- small 70s ribosomes

Question 7

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? nucleus

Answer 7

E- has nucleus
P- doesn’t have nucleus

Question 8

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? slime capsule

Answer 8

E- no slime capsule present
P- slime capsule present around cell wall (maybe)

Question 9

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? plasmids

Answer 9

E- no plasmids
P- may have plasmids

Question 10

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? DNA location

Answer 10

E- DNA located within a nucleus
P- DNA contained within cytoplasm

Question 11

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? DNA and proteins

Answer 11

E- DNA is associated with histone proteins and held on liner chromosomes
P- DNA is not associated with proteins and held on circular chromosomes

Question 12

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? mesosomes

Answer 12

E- no mesosomes present
P- may have infolding of the cell membrane called mesosomes

Question 13

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? respiratory enzymes

Answer 13

E- located within mitochondria
P- located in the plasma membrane

Question 14

what is nucleoid function?

Answer 14

area within the cytoplasm where DNA is stored ALWAYS PRESENT

Question 15

what is flagella function?

Answer 15

for locomotion

Question 16

what is pilli function?

Answer 16

membrane projection, for attachment to cells and surfaces
involved in sexual reproduction

Question 17

what is plasmid function?

Answer 17

small circular rings of DNA

Question 18

what is circular DNA sometimes referred to? function

Answer 18

sometimes referred to as chromsome ALWAYS PRESENT

Question 19

what is ribosome function?

Answer 19

site of protein synthesis ALWAYS PRESENT

Question 20

what is slime capsule function?

Answer 20

additional protection
-It helps to protect bacteria from drying out and from attack by cells of the immune system of the host organism

Question 21

what is mesosome function?

Answer 21

infolding of plasma membrane, associated with DNA during cell division and helps with formation of cell wall

Question 22

what do plasmids contain?

Answer 22

they contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes

Question 23

what is infolding of the plasma membrane function?

Answer 23

may allow photonsynthesis or carry out nitrogen fixation

Question 24

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? size

Answer 24

E: up to 100 µm diameter
P: 0.5-5 µm

Question 25

what is a fungi cell wall made of?

Answer 25

chitin -like cellulose but with nitrogen