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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

antidiuretic

A

an agent that decreases urine production

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2
Q

endocrine

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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3
Q

endocrinology

A

medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

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4
Q

endocrinologist

A

a medical specialist in endocrinology

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4
Q

hormone

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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5
Q

melatonin

A

hormone formed by the pineal gland

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5
Q

hypothalamus

A

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain

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5
Q

hormonal

A

pertaining to hormones

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6
Q

hypothalamic

A

pertaining to the hypothalamus

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7
Q

pituitary

A

pertaining to the pituary gland

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7
Q

oxytocin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

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7
Q

pineal

A

pertaining to the pineal gland

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8
Q

prostaglandin

A

hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from the prostate gland

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9
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system

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10
Q

-logy

A

study of

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10
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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11
Q

-logist

A

one who studies

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12
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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13
Q

thalam

A

thalamus

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13
Q

endo-

A

within

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13
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

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13
Q

-in

A

substance

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14
Q

-in

A

chemical

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14
Q

anti-

A

aganist

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14
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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14
Q

di-

A

complete

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14
Q

hypo-

A

below

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14
Q

crine

A

secrete

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15
Q

hormon

A

hormone

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15
Q

uret

A

urination

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16
Q

oxy

A

oxygen

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16
Q

mela

A

black

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16
Q

toc

A

labor and childbirth

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16
Q

ton

A

tension, pressure

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16
Q

prosta

A

prostate

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17
Q

pituit

A

pituitary

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18
Q

gland

A

gland

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18
Q

ser

A

serum

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18
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed

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18
Q

adrenocorticotropic

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

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18
Q

corticosteroid

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

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19
Q

corticotropin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

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19
Q

cortisone

A

a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex

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19
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production

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19
Q

gonadotropin

A

any hormone that stimulates gonadal function

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19
Q

gonad

A

an organ that produces sex cells; a testis or an ovary

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19
Q

hydrocortisone

A

potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties

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19
Q

prolactin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

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19
Q

somatotrophin

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues

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19
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

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19
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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20
Q

-tropic

A

a turning, change

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20
Q

-steroid

A

steroid

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20
Q

-tropin

A

stimulation

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20
Q

-one

A

hormone

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20
Q

acr

A

peak, highest point

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20
Q

adren

A

adrenal gland

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20
Q

cortic

A

from the cortex

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20
Q

cortis

A

from the cortex

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20
Q

sipid

A

flavor

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20
Q

gonad

A

testis, ovary

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20
Q

hydr

A

water

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20
Q

lact

A

milk

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20
Q

somat

A

the body

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20
Q

thyr

A

thyroid

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21
Q

in-

A

not

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21
Q

pro-

A

before

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21
Q

adenoma

A

a benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue

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21
Q

biopsy

A

process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic examination

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21
Q

chiasm

A

x-shaped crossing of the two optic nerves at the base of the brain

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21
Q

optic

A

pertaining to the eye

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21
Q

osmolality

A

the concentration of a solution

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21
Q

tumor

A

any abnormal swelling

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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22
Q

aden

A

gland

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22
Q

-opsry

A

to view

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22
Q

bio

A

life

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22
Q

-ity

A

state

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22
Q

osmol

A

concentration

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23
Q

analog

A

A compound that resembles another in structure but not in function; analog is a means of the transmission of continuous information to our senses, in contrast with the digital transmission of only zeros and ones

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23
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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23
Q

endoscope

A

instrument for viewing the inside of a tubular or hollow organ

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23
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to an endoscope

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23
Q

gamma knife

A

a minimally invasive radiosurgical system

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23
Q

proton

A

the positively charged unit of the nuclear mass

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24
Q

stereotactic

A

pertaining to a precise three-dimensional method to locate a lesion or a tumor

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24
Q

transnasal

A

through the nose

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24
Q

transsphenoid

A

through the sphenoid sinus

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25
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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25
Q

crani

A

cranium

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25
Q

endo-

A

inside

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26
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

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26
Q

stere

A

three-dimensional

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26
Q

tact

A

orderly arrangement

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26
Q

trans-

A

across, through

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27
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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28
Q

sphen

A

wedge

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28
Q

calictonin

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones

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29
Q

emaciation

A

abnormal thinness

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30
Q

emaciated

A

pertaining to or suffering from emaciation

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31
Q

parathyroid

A

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

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32
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

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33
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland in the neck; or a cartilage of the larynx

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33
Q

thyroxine

A

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

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33
Q

calc

A

calcium

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33
Q

emac

A

make thin

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34
Q

ox

A

oxygen

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34
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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34
Q

-ation

A

process

35
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

35
Q

cretin

A

severe congenital hypothyroidism

35
Q

para-

A

adjacent, beside

36
Q

cretinism

A

condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

36
Q

goiter

A

benign enlargment of the thyroid gland

36
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyeball

37
Q

hasimoto disease

A

autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

37
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

37
Q

graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

37
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

38
Q

hyperpyrexia

A

extremely high body temperature or fever

38
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive production of thyroid hormones

39
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficient production of thyroid hormones

39
Q

myxedema

A

nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism

39
Q

iodine

A

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

39
Q

tetany

A

severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

40
Q

thyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

40
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

40
Q

cretin

A

cretin

40
Q

ophthalmos

A

eye

41
Q

thyrotoxixosis

A

disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

42
Q

edema

A

swelling

42
Q

pyrex

A

fever

42
Q

toxic

A

posion

42
Q

-ism

A

condition, process

43
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

43
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

43
Q

ex-

A

out

44
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

44
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, below

44
Q

ablationablation

A

removal of tissue to destroy its function

44
Q

myx-

A

mucus

45
Q

aspiration

A

removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

45
Q

isotope

A

radioactive element; some of these elements are used in diagnostic procedures

45
Q

isotopic

A

of identical chemical composition

46
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical excision of a lymph node

46
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

surgical excision of a lymph node

46
Q

ultrasonography

A

delineation of deep structures using sound waves

46
Q

radioactive iodine

A

any of the various tracers that emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays

47
Q

-graphy

A

recording

47
Q

-ion

A

process

47
Q

ablat

A

take away

47
Q

aspirat

A

breathe in

48
Q

radi

A

radiation

48
Q

lob

A

lobe

48
Q

lymohaden

A

lymph node

48
Q

tope

A

part

48
Q

act

A

performance

49
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

49
Q

son

A

sound

49
Q

addison disease

A

an autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

49
Q

iso-

A

equal

50
Q

adrenocortical

A

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

50
Q

adrenal

A

endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney

50
Q

facies

A

facial features and expressions

51
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

51
Q

adrenaline

A

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

51
Q

cushing syndrome

A

hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland

51
Q

ren

A

kidney

51
Q

catecholamine

A

major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response; including epinephrine and norepinephrine

52
Q

hydrocortisone

A

potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties

52
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

52
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to a disease of unknow etiology

52
Q

-amine

A

nitrogen containing substance

52
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

52
Q

steroid

A

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormonesm and body components

52
Q

nephr

A

kidney

52
Q

norepinephrine

A

catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a sympathetic neurotransmitter

53
Q

idi

A

unknown

53
Q

ster

A

steroid

53
Q

adren

A

adrenal

54
Q

supra-

A

above

54
Q

path

A

disease

55
Q

mineral

A

inorganic material

55
Q

catechol

A

tyrosine containing

55
Q

aid

A

organic compound

55
Q

ambiguous

A

uncertain

55
Q

epi-

A

above

55
Q

androgen

A

hormone that produces masculine characteristics

56
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

56
Q

genital

A

relating to the primary male or female sex organs

56
Q

ad-

A

to, toward

56
Q

nor-

A

normal

56
Q

medulla

A

central part of a structure surrounded by cortex

57
Q

-gen

A

to produce

57
Q

andr

A

male

57
Q

genit

A

primary male or female sex organs

58
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of an organ

58
Q

plas

A

formation

58
Q

exocrine

A

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

58
Q

glucagon

A

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

59
Q

glucose

A

the final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood

59
Q

glycogenolysis

A

conversion of glycogen to glucose

59
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

59
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas

59
Q

gen

A

create

60
Q

somatostain

A

hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

60
Q

crine

A

secrete

60
Q

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

A

areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

61
Q

isl

A

island

61
Q

somat

A

body

61
Q

genesis

A

creation

61
Q

gluc

A

sugar, glucose

61
Q

glyc

A

glycogen

62
Q

insul

A

an island

62
Q

pancreat

A

pancreas

62
Q

amputation

A

process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part

62
Q

-lysis

A

separate, dissolve

62
Q

exo-

A

outward

62
Q

-agon

A

to fight

63
Q

-ose

A

full of

63
Q

autoantibody

A

antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host’s own tissue

63
Q

-statin

A

inhibit

63
Q

comatose

A

in a state of coma

63
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and or ineffectiveness

64
Q

coma

A

state of deep unconsciousness

65
Q

diabetic

A

pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

66
Q

hyperglacemia

A

high level of glucose in the blood

67
Q

hyperglycemic

A

pertaining to or having hyperglycemia

67
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low level of glucose in the blood

68
Q

hypoglycemic

A

pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar

68
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

69
Q

neuropathy

A

any disease of the nervous system

70
Q

parasthesia

A

an abnormal sensation e.g., tingling, burning, pricking

71
Q

polyuria

A

excessive production of urine

71
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

71
Q

retinopathy

A

degenerative disease of the retina

71
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

72
Q

body

A

body

72
Q

amput

A

to prune, lop off

73
Q

diabet

A

diabetes

73
Q

comat

A

coma

73
Q

esthes

A

sensation

73
Q

nephr

A

kidney

73
Q

neur

A

nerve

73
Q

phag

A

eat

73
Q

dips

A

thirst

74
Q

endocrine physician assistants

A

work with endocrinologists to provide care and education to endocrine and diabetes patients

74
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

74
Q

ur

A

urine

74
Q

endocrine nurse practitioners

A

registered nurses with specialized training in endocrinology

74
Q

-pathy

A

diease

74
Q

retin

A

retina of the eye

74
Q

-emic

A

pertaining to a blood condition

74
Q

auto-

A

self, same

74
Q

anti-

A

aganist

75
Q

poly-

A

many, excessive

75
Q

ketoacidosis

A

excessive ketones in the blood, making it acidic

75
Q

par-

A

abnormal

75
Q

ketosis

A

excessive production of ketones

75
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time

75
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

75
Q

acetone

A

ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

76
Q

ketone

A

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

77
Q

saline

A

salt solution, usually sodium chloride

77
Q

-osis

A

condition

77
Q

acid

A

acid

77
Q

ket

A

ketone

78
Q

metabol

A

change

78
Q

Endocrineologists

A

medical specialists concerned with the production and effects of hormones

78
Q

certified diabetic educators

A

certified to possess specialized knowledge in diabetes self-management education and monitoring

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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