socialisation Flashcards
what are 3 instances resocialisation may occur
-immigrants
-trans identity
-child birth
structural theory
looks at society from a top down perspective, looking how grand social forces affect people
functional prerequisites
societies have basic needs (food, shelter, system of socialising new members)
what did Durkheim believe about social order
social order was possible because individuals were united by a value consensus.
what did Durkheim say is anomie
during periods of social change there is a tendency for conflict because individuals aren’t bonded by shred values.
briefly explain the 4 agents of socialisation according to functionalists (with links to Durkheim and Parsons)
Family- Parsons views it as a personality factory in which the parents are moulding the childs blank slate through norms and cultural values.
Education- they see it as vital to transmit shared cultural values and Durkheim believed subjects such as history links the individual to past and present society and its achievements. Parsons argued it acted as bridge between family and work to encourage key values in the workplace, such as competition and achievement.
Religion- Durkheim believed religion socialises individuals into a shared moral code which regulates our behaviour and it also brings society together in times of stress and hardship.
Mass Media- provides role models to aspire to and images to fashion our identities.
ideology
a set of ideas, values and beliefs that represent the interest and outlook of a social group.
what did Marx describe a ruling class ideology as and who reinforces it?
the capitalist class contains this which is socialised into individuals throughout their life.
It is reinforced by the family, religion, education and the mass media
briefly explain how the ruling class ideology is reinforced through the family, religion, education, and the mass media
Family- Zaretsky believed the family instils values such as obedience and respect for authority, which ensured that individuals are exploited later in life but they will have learnt that power, authority, and inequality are natural.
Religion- Marxists are critical of religion because it socialises the working class into 3 sets of false ideas: promotes the idea that material success is a sign of God’s favour but poverty is a sign of wickedness, makes exploitation bearable by promising rewards in afterlife, religious teachings and blind faith distracts the poor from challenging exploitation.
Education- Althusser (structural Marxist) argued state education encourages conformity through the hidden curriculum and students are told to not question the rules and they’re taught subjects which are unlikely to influence them to challenge capitalist society. They are also told their failure is their own fault.
Media- Marcuse suggested that popular culture has a negative effect on the poor since it encourages false needs/non-essentials and discourages any serious critical thought (eg. through advertisements)
false consciousness
working class can’t see they are being exploited
structural marxism
looks at structures within society (e.g. capitalism)
humanist marxism
interactions of humans within society
comodity fetishism
bourgoise have the desire to obtain as much money as they can
summarise Marx’s view on culture and revolution of the working class
he believed the ruling class created a culture for those below them to follow and it acts as a constraint on the individual which leads to soical order and control. Individuals must realise they are being exploited and suffering a false consciousness to break free from ruling class and create revolutionary social change.
