Chapter 2- Psychology Dimension

Question 1

What are the 4 major perspectives in th psychology dimension?

Answer 1

1.Psychoanalytic / psychodynamic
2. Behavioural
3. Cognitive
4. Humanistic-existential

Question 2

Who created the Psychoanalytic theory ?

Answer 2

Freud

Question 3

Who created psychodynamic theories?

Answer 3

Post Freud theories

Question 4

What are the 3 components of the psyche?

Answer 4

Id - pleasure principle
Ego- reality principle
Superego - ‘conscience’ moral principle

Question 5

Intrapsychic conflicts?

Answer 5

Psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the individual

Question 6

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 6

Ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 7

What did Bowlby and Mahler propose for the psychodynamic theories?

Answer 7

Proposed that the need to be loved, accepted, and emotionally supported is of primary importance in childhood

Question 8

What are the contemporary beliefs on psychodynamic theories?

Answer 8

1. Recognize the importance of unconscious
2. Importance of childhood experiences, can help shape adult personality
3. Agrees use of defense mechanism to control anxiety and stress

Question 9

What is the objective of psychoanalysis?

Answer 9

To uncover material blocked from consciousness

Question 10

What is Interpersonal psychotherapy?

Answer 10

Links childhood experiences with current relational patterns

Question 11

What is brief psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 11

Focus on past relationship issues and how they affect current emotional relationship experiences

Question 12

What does the behavioural model in the psychological dimension propose?

Answer 12

That abnormal behaviors are learned behaviors.

Learning occurs through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modeling/observational learning.

Question 13

What are examples of modeling / observational learning?

Answer 13

Anxiety (phobias)
Substance abuse
Aggression/misconduct

Question 14

What are the behavioural therapies? (4)

Answer 14

Exposure therapy
Behavioural parent management
Behavioural classroom management
Social skills training: assertiveness training

Question 15

What does the cognitive model propose?

Answer 15

That we are all active interpreters of a situation.
Focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior

Question 16

What did Aron Beck think?

Answer 16

That depression results from negative schemas

Question 17

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 17

The removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens or increases the likelihood of a specific behaviors

Question 18

What does this scenario exemplify:
Car beeps until the passenger fastens their seatbelt?

Answer 18

Negative reinforcement.

When the person fastens their seatbelt (desired behavior), the aversive stimulus (beeping) is removed, reinforcing the seatbelt-wearing behavior

Question 19

What operant conditioning is studying for an exam?

Answer 19

Negative reinforcement .

Student feels anxious (aversive emotional state)
Student studies (to alleviate the anxiety and stress)