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ENGLISH LITERATURE > VICTORIAN SOCIETY CONTEXT > Flashcards

VICTORIAN SOCIETY CONTEXT Flashcards

1
Q

(Kathryn Hughes) ‘During the Victorian period men and women’s roles became…

A

more sharply defined than at any time in history’/

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2
Q

In the 1830’s women started wearing…

A

Crinoline, huge bell-shaped skirt, meant it was very difficult to do simple tasks without falling over.

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3
Q

‘Separate spheres’ :

A

Ideology of the ‘natural’ characteristics of women.
- Women were better suited to the domestic sphere, were supposed to ready the next generation to carry on this way of life.

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4
Q

Women needed a new education to prepare them to be ‘Angel in the House’… Idea was popularised by…

A
  • Were coached in what’s known as accomplishments.
  • Things like knowledge of music, signing, drawing etc.
  • Idea popularised by Coventry Patmore’s poem, who was a friend of the Rossetti family.
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5
Q

No-one wanted to be known as a ‘Blue-stocking’…

A

A name given to women who devoted themselves too much to intellectual pursuits.
- Considered off-putting.
Kathryn Hughes : ‘Attempted to usurp men’s ‘natural’ intellectual superiority’.

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6
Q

One doctor, William Acton declared…

A

‘The majority of women (happily for them) are not very much troubled with sexual feeling of any kind’.

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7
Q

Women had no choice but to stay…

A

Chaste until marriage,
- Not even allowed to speak to men unless there was a married women present.

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8
Q

In 1847 Charlotte Brontë displayed her strong feelings about women’s limited role in her novel…

A

Jane Eyre.
- ‘Women feel just as men’.
- ‘they need exercise for their faculties’.

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9
Q

Contagious Disease Act, 1860 :

A
  • Allowed (in certain towns) for the forced medical examination who was expected of being a sex worker, if she was infected, would be put in a ‘Lock Hospital’.
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10
Q

The Married Women’s Property Act in…

A

1870 provided that wages and property which a wife earned through her work or inherited would be regarded as her separate property.

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11
Q

Rossetti speaking about whether she would speak about politics in her work…

A

‘It is not in me, and therefore, will never come out of me’ & ‘I leave it to the greater than I’.

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12
Q

Accession of Queen Victoria :

A

1837, authoritative female head if state, may have provided hope to society.

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13
Q

(Dr Simon Avery) Rossettis ‘In an Artists’ Studio’ (1856) is a cutting critique of the ways…

A

…pre-raphael it’s muse, Elizabeth Siddal - is painted, ‘framed’ and controlled by the male artist.

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14
Q

(DR SIMON AVERY) “Rossetti explores women’s position in society…

A

through consideration of the institution of marriage”.

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15
Q

(DR SIMON AVERY) ‘Winter : My Secret’, ‘An intriguing study…’ and ‘Speaker skilfully…’

A

~ ‘An intriguing study in the manipulation of power’.
~ ‘Speaker skilfully withholds power and control’.

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16
Q

(DR SIMON AVERY) ‘Rossettis speakers demonstrate both an awareness of…’

A

‘, and resistance, to those social and political expectations which define acceptable roles for women and which potentially leave them powerless’.

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17
Q

(DR SIMON AVERY) ‘Rossetti’s poems make an intriguing contribution to those…

A

‘crucial debates around the Women Question and gender relations which were central to the second half of the ninteenth century and beyond’.

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18
Q

Domestic roles an motherhood were considered by society…

A

to be a sufficient emotional fulfilment for females.

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19
Q

Rossetti worked for…

A

Highgate Penitentiary, supporting ‘falling women’.

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20
Q

Rossetti campaigned to…

A

Raise the age of sexual consent after seeing countless young girls reined and destitute.

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21
Q

Age of sexual consent raised to 16…

A

1885, Rossetti petitioned for legislation to protect children from prostitution and sexual exploitation.

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22
Q

Society for the Employment of Women :

A

1859, one of Britain’s earliest female movements.
~ Provided training and promoted employment of women.

23
Q

University and Medical education open to women :

A

1868.

24
Q

Crimean War :

A

(1853-56) Meant women were getting out of domestic role to be nurses, many will have realised they enjoyed this and wanted it to continue.

25
Q

Which 3 short stories convey ideas of Victorian Women?

A

~ ‘The Story of an Hour’ Kate Chopin.
~ ‘Through This’ & ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ by Charlotte Perkins Stetson.

26
Q

In a letter sent to the ‘Chamber’s Edinburgh Journal’ in 1850, a women named Shirley describes how…

A

The marriage market is overstocked by women attempting to attract a man in any way they can.
- Leads to fierce competition and enables men to treat women rather poorly.

27
Q

Anglican beliefs based around…

A
  • Self-denial.
  • Reward after death.
28
Q

Rossetti’s complicated attitudes towards women’s changing role in society reflected the…

A

General Victorian attitude.
- Suffragist movement was emerging.
- Universities began to open their doors to women.
- Women’s property laws gave women increased rights over their property.

29
Q

The New Woman, Greg Buzwell :
- “Arguably the most radical and far-reaching change of all…”
- “Marriage followed by motherhood was no longer…”

A
  • “Arguably the most radical and far-reaching change of all concerned the role of women, and the increasing number of opportunities becoming available to them in a male-dominated world”.
  • “Marriage followed by motherhood was no longer seen as the inevitable route towards securing a level of financial security”.
30
Q

A new air of sexual freedom also emerged in the…
- Writer such as…

A

Fin de siécle.
- Writers such as Thomas Hardy and George Moore addressed sexual desire head on in novels such as ‘Jude the Obscure’ (1859) & ‘Esther Waters’ (1894).

31
Q

The New Woman and The _______ were fashionable at the same time…

A

The New Woman and The Dandy were fashionable at the same time.
- New Woman undermined the traditional view of the feminine.
- The Dandy threatened the accepted view of masculinity

32
Q

(Gender) Social Critic Max Nordau denounced the abandonment of…

A

Tradition and the feminisation of men and the increasingly mannish nature of women, he heralded this as ‘The Dusk of Nations’.

33
Q

(Gender) _______ Magazine made the New Woman a figure of…

A

Punch Magazine.
- A figure of fun, presenting her as an embittered, over-educated spinster perpetually stuck on the shelf.

34
Q

Women continued to be excluded from…

A

The administrative posts in which social policy was defined and implemented, from seats in parliament, from even the vote in national elections.

35
Q

Women who sought to exert public influence…

A

On policy issues existed under intense, politically punitive scrutiny.

36
Q

Women are either…

A

‘Stained’ by male love or ennobled by it

37
Q

18_______, _____________ College…

A

1849, Bedford College, opened by a woman.
- First university for women.

38
Q

Victorian England regarded face-painting as…

A

Particularly disreputable in its association with prostitutes and the demimonde.

39
Q

Mrs.Eliza Lynn Linton’s description of the “Girl of the Period” in the 1860’s shows that even though fashionable women…

A

Were wearing makeup, it still signified triviality and irresponsibility.
- “a creature whose sole idea of life is fun”.

40
Q

Mrs. Eliza Lynn Linton had a particular abhorrence for “…” (…)
- Red hair evidently was a sign of…
- Mrs. Chevely’s hair is a “…”, her attire too signals…

A

For “false red hair” (the preferred hair colour of the Pre-Raphaelite “stunner”).
- Read hair was a sign of a deceitful nature.
- MC’s hair a “Venetian red”, her attire too signals that modesty is another virtue she scorns, turning scandal to her advantage.

41
Q

Mrs Chevely’s unnatural personality and appearance identifies her as the threatening…
- A living mockery of…

A

Antithesis to the image of woman that most appealed to popular Victorian morality, that of the pure and innocent “angel” domesticated and dedicated to the interests of home and husband.
- Mockery of Ruskin and Patmore’s true woman.

42
Q

1864, 1866 & 1869 - Contagious Diseases Acts: allowed police officers to…

A

Arrest suspected prostitutes and check them for STDs despite men being part of the problem.
- Wilde was sexually and romantically involved with Lord Alfred Douglas, and did not love his wife in the same way.

43
Q

Lady Chiltern’s integrity depends on possessing “An …”, once his standing is in doubt…

A

Her integrity depends on possessing “An Ideal Husband” and once his standing is in doubt, both her political work and marriage will cease to exist.
(Likely only successful in politics because of Robert)

44
Q

Lady Chiltern indicates how fully in thrall she is…
- Her outburst indicated the extent to which..

A

To the double bind imposed on women by the constraints of social purity agitation.
- To which her ego is coterminous with her husband’s probity.

45
Q

Women continued to be excluded from the…

A

Administrative posts in which social policy was defined and implemented, from seats in parliament to voting in the national elections.

46
Q

(Wilde’s view on the separate Spheres) “The cultivation of separate sorts of virtues and separate ideals of duty in…”

A

“In men and women has led to the whole social fabric being weaker and unhealthier than it need be”.

47
Q

The Victorian Era was a time known for its…

A

Enduring customs of mourning, which were exacerbated by the high mortality rates.

48
Q

(Dandies)
- Are a phenomenon of…
- Men who were known for their commitment… and for their love of…
- It is said their distaste for all things rough and vulgar stemmed from…
- They rejected the practical and spoke for the value of…

A
  • Phenomenon of nineteenth and early twentieth-century Europe.
  • Commitment to fashion (usually extravagant) and for their love of all things beautiful.
  • Stemmed from their dismay over a changing world (industrialisation).
  • Spoke for the value of the delicate and the beautiful.
49
Q

(London Society) THE SEASON :
- Reffered to the annual…
- Usually began after ________ and ended with the “…”
- Women were formally…

A
  • The annual period when it was customary for elite members of society to hold debutante balls, dinner parities etc.
  • Usually began after Easter and ended with the “Glorious Twelfth”.
  • Women formally introduced into society by presentation to the monarch at Court.
50
Q

(London Society) BOODLE’S CLUB :
- Members-only private club…
- They were in effect, ‘…’

A
  • Originally set up for and by English upper class men.
  • In effect, ‘second homes’ in the centre of London where men could relax, mix with friends and play parlour games etc.
51
Q

(Political Corruption)
As a young man, Sir Robert Chiltern was persuaded to…

A

(Political Corruption)
As a young man, Sir Robert Chiltern was persuaded to…
Persuaded to sell a cabinet secret to Baron Arnheim. Sir Robert made his fortune with that illicit money.

52
Q

Panama Canal project floundered in 18____, with massive debts.
- Was a national scandal in _______, resulted in…

A

1889.
- National scandal in France, resulted in legal action against the speculators who were revealed to have involved senators and deputies in the corruption.

53
Q

(Simon Avery, Gender) Rossetti is a “particularly complex thinker about the…”

A

“Particularly complex thinker about the position of women’s role in society”.

54
Q

(Simon Avery, Gender)
“Her views may not always be…”

A

“Her views may not always be ‘radical’ as such, but they are usually far from conservative and often questioning, challenging and potentially subversive”.

ENGLISH LITERATURE (5 decks)

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