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Animal Vet Sciences > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the primary cattle breed used to “improve” native cattle?

A

Shorthorn

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2
Q

What are the 2 main causes of sheep death in the U.S.?

A

predators and weather

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3
Q

What are the 3 things that makes someone a good livestock owner?

A

Mind that sees, mind that works, action attitude

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4
Q

When would you want to send a cow to the feedlot?

A

past the Infection point

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5
Q

Why are cows harvested past the inflection point?

A

To ensure marbling

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6
Q

3 Types of Swine Weaning

A

Segregated Early
Snatch Farrowing
Medicated Early

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6
Q

4 Types of Sheep Primal

A

leg, loin, flank, front

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7
Q

Primal cuts of a cow

A

chuck, rib, short loin, sirloin, round

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7
Q

Pig Primals

A

shoulder butt, belly, loin, ham, shoulder picnic

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7
Q

CTBR

A

Closely Trimmed Boneless Retail Cuts

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8
Q

What three groups made up the “cowboys”

A

ex soldiers, freed slaves, vaqueros

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9
Q

What was the first continental breed

A

Charlois

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10
Q

What was the most important breed in the cattle drive?

A

Hereford

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11
Q

Give one Seedstock examples in the producer pyramid

A

Swine International

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12
Q

Explain commercial in the producer pyramid

A

Producer- Every spring calving checks

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13
Q

Stocker phase in the producer pyramid

A

Grow as fast & as cheaply as possible

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14
Q

What year was the last FMD outbreak in the US?

A

1929

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15
Q

What is the average birth weight of a calf?

A

70 lbs

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16
Q

The rumen microbial population is not present at birth, therefore it develops with

A

the 1st forage

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17
Q

A calf is by a cows side for how many months?

A

7

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18
Q

The standard weaning length for calfs is how many days?

A

205

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19
Q

The average weaning weight is

A

600 pounds

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20
Q

“Stock phase” for cows means

A

cheap gains (high % forage)

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21
Q

Cattle need how many days on high energy feed to transition to white fat?

A

100

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22
Q

When are cattle harvested, is this efficient or not?

A

Past the inflection point which is less efficient

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23
Q

Cattle are harvested past the inflection point to

A

ensure marbling

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24
Q

What is cattle dressing percentage (DP)?

A

63% (Live Weight X DP = HCW)

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25
Q

5 things removed from cattle during slaughter

A
  1. 98% of blood
  2. Head
  3. Hooves
  4. Hide
  5. Internal Organs
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26
Q

USDA Quality Grades

A

Prime
Choice
Select
Standard

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27
Q

Prime Grade %

A

10-12% IMF

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28
Q

Choice Grade

A

5-10%

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29
Q

Select Grade

A

3-5%

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30
Q

Standard

A

<3%

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31
Q

Cows and mature bulls are harvested and eligible for

A

Commercial, Utility, Canner

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32
Q

Sliding scale

A

The older the animal the more marbling necessary to grade higher

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33
Q

The evolution of modern cattle feedlots began with

A

cannery waste

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34
Q

Define Cannery Waste

A

Taking advantage of cattle and their ruminants

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35
Q

Confinement of Swine

A

waste issues, animal welfare, NIMBY, environmental management

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36
Q

Swine production has shifted to what over the years?

A

Vertical integration

37
Q

List the 2 leading hog producing states

A

Iowa & NC

38
Q

Swine production slowly shifted from ______ to _______ and now wants to shift back to ____________

A

Pasture based to total confinement to pasture based

39
Q

What replaced the classic purebred producer and Boar testing system?

A

AI & the advent of “genetic companies”

40
Q

Production systems lead to the development of

A

breed blind hogs

41
Q

Conception to Processing for swine

A

295 days

42
Q

Birth to slaughter for pigs

A

180 days

43
Q

birth to nursery for pigs

A

62 days

44
Q

Farrow length for pigs

A

17-21 days

45
Q

Nursery length for pigs

A

45 days

46
Q

finishing length for pigs

A

118 days

47
Q

What percentage of pork is processed?

A

62%

48
Q

3 Things for the future of pigs

A

vertical disintegration
pastured pork
locally grown

49
Q

7 Major Groups of Canines

A

Working
Herding
Hound
Sporting
Non-sporting
Toy
Terrier

50
Q

Average Lifespan of Dogs & Cats

A

12 years

51
Q

Which group is not a good decision for a first time dog owner?

A

Terrier

52
Q

Which groups are good with children and other dogs?

A

Labrador retriever
siberian husky
basset hound

53
Q

Most common breed of cat

A

Domestic Shorthair/Longhair

54
Q

Which groups of dogs are energetic?

A

Dalmation
Airdale Terrier
Poodle
Belgian Malinois

55
Q

Where did sheep originate?

A

Europe and the cooler regions on Asia

56
Q

Sheep are important ruminants in

A

temperate agriculture

57
Q

New Zealand, Australia, and Saudi Arabia have the higher per capita consumption of

A

mutton, lamb, and goat meat

58
Q

5 Leading Sheep Countries

A

China
Australia
India
Iran
Sudan

59
Q

4 Commodities Sheep Provide

A

fiber, milk, meat, hides

60
Q

What percentage of sheep are raised in temperate zones?

A

60%

61
Q

Fewer than what percentage of sheep are in the tropics?

A

40%

62
Q

In temperate climates, what traits do sheep have that are an advantage?

A

large, compact bodies, heavy fleece covering, and storage of subcutaneous fat

63
Q

Selection emphasis on

A

growth rate, milk production, lambing percentage, and fleece weight

64
Q

What percentage of sheep born in western US are lost before they are marketed? Why?

A

23%
Predators and Weather

65
Q

What makes the purebred sheep industry important?

A

They determine the genetic productivity of commercial sheep

66
Q

What are the percentages for the total income of lamb? Wool?

A

85-90%; 10-15%

67
Q

Wool breeds have what percentage of income from the sale of wool?

A

30-35%

68
Q

Two forms of purebred sheep industry

A

Farm flocks (50 head or less) & youth projects (4H & FFA)

69
Q

A program to eliminate footrot from a herd or flock involves 3 steps:

A

prevention
eradication
surveillance

70
Q

What are some things you can control to prevent the further spread of footrot?

A

Footbathing
Trimming feet
Use of antibiotics
Vaccination

71
Q

How many times a year should a sheeps feet be trimmed?

A

1 to 2 times per year

72
Q

What are the 2 clostridial vaccines that are commonly used in sheep and goats

A

a 3-way vaccine called CDT
an 8-way vaccine with the trade name Covexin-8

73
Q

What does CDT protect healthy sheep and goats against?

A

clostridium perfringins type C and D and clostridium tetani

74
Q

Whats disease does Covexin-8 protect against that CDT doesnt

A

Blackleg

75
Q

When should pregnant ewes and does be vaccinated with CDT (toxoid)

A

During their last month of pregnancy

76
Q

First time moms should be vaccinated how many times in late pregnancy and how many weeks before parturition

A

twice in late pregnancy
3 and 6 weeks before parturition

77
Q

Lambs and kids from unvaccinated dams should receive their first CDT vaccination when they are how many weeks of age? and how many weeks of age should they receive a booster?

A

3-4 weeks of age
3-4 weeks later

78
Q

Why may earlier vaccinations not be effective?

A

The immature immune system of young lambs and kids

79
Q

What is the gestation length of sheep?

A

147 days

80
Q

2 Fine Wool Breeds of Sheep

A

Merino & Rambouillet

81
Q

& Meat Breeds of Sheep

A

Cheviot
Dorset
Hampshire
Montadale
Shropshire
Southdown
Suffolk

82
Q

3 Medium Wool/Dual Purpose Breeds of Sheep

A

Corriedale
Columbia
Targhee

83
Q

Long Wool Breeds of Sheep

A

Romney
Lincoln

84
Q

Order of popularity of sheep in the us

A

Suffolk
Dorset
Hampshire
Southdown
Rambouillet

85
Q

Describe the Dorset breed of sheep

A

white face
medium size
can breed “out of season”
high fertility
good milkers

86
Q

Describe the Hampshire breed of sheep

A

black face and legs
wool cap on face and legs
polled
wool blindness
good milkers

87
Q

Describe the Suffolk breed of sheep

A

large frame size
black face and legs
no wool on face and legs
bare bellies
spider gene (detrimental recessive gene)

88
Q

The sales of ewes and rams determines the genetic productivity of what

A

commercial sheep

89
Q

What is the most popular wool breed of sheep in the US

A

Rambouillet

90
Q

During nonritual harvests for cattle, they are stunned via

A

captive bolt

91
Q

What state raises the most red meat out of the 50 states

A

Iowa

92
Q

What part of the pig does the boston butt come from

A

the shoulder

93
Q

what is the most common type of calf weaning utilized in the us

A

trailer weaning

94
Q
A

Animal Vet Sciences (8 decks)

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