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Animal Vet Sciences > AVS FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

AVS FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 2 races still extant?

A

tarpan and Przewalskis

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2
Q

Equine reproduction

A

seasonally polyestrous, long day breeders

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3
Q

Estrous cycle

A

entire cycle from OV 21+/- 2 days

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4
Q

Estrus cycle

A

portion of cycle leading up to OV and 1-2 days after OV where mare is sexually receptive to stallion (5-7 days)

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5
Q

Gestation period

A

342 +/- 20 days (11 months)

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6
Q

Period of anestrus

A

no “cycles”/ovulations or estrus behavior

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7
Q

Artifical lighting

A

Requires 16L:8D for at least 60 days prior to desired breeding (start no later than Dec. 1st)

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8
Q

Differences between Colorado and Missouri Style AV

A

Colorado retains water temperature longer in colder weather, more durable under extreme use, liner is cheaper to replace, allows stallion to ejaculate well clear of heated liner

Missouri style is available from MAI, cheaper to purchase initially, lighter, allows for addition of air to make the liner tighter, less direct manual stimulation of the penis

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9
Q

1st & 2nd trimester

A

NBC requirements of maintenance, unless mare is lactating (1st trimester), regular deworming protocol, Pneumobort (EHV 1-abortus strain) at around 5, 7, 9 months

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10
Q

3rd trimester

A

mare should be dewormed 4-6 weeks prior to foaling with ivermectin/prazaquental (Equimax or Zimectrin Gold) or moxidecting/prazaquental (Quest plus) and should be vaccinated with a 6 way (WEE, EEE, W. Nile, Flu, Rhino, Tet) and rabies

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11
Q

What is indicated if udders begin to fill prior to 4-6 week before foaling date?

A

placentitis

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12
Q

Why is it important mares get vaccinated, dewormed, and rabies vaccination before foaling?

A

important for colostrum quality

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13
Q

Foaling Stage One

A

Last 30-45 minutes
Pacing/circling
Frequent urination/defecation
Lying down/getting up
Sweating
Looking at flank
Kicking/biting at sides
Foal rotates into position

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14
Q

Foaling Stage Two

A

Begins when “water breaks”
Ends when foal is expelled
Last 10-20 minutes

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15
Q

Foaling Stage Three

A

Umbilical cord should break naturally when mare stands
Tie up the exposed portion of the placenta above the hocks
Dip the foals umbilical stump in diluted nolvasan
No longer than 2.5 to 3 hours (if longer administer oxytocin)

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16
Q

1-2-3 Rule of Foals

A

Standing within one hour
Nursing within two hours
Pass meconium within 3 hours

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17
Q

If a foal does not pass mecinum by 3 hours administer

A

standard saline enema

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18
Q

Uses of Horses in the past

A

food
military
pastimes/sports
ag/commercial
recreation and sport

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19
Q

Tarpan scientific name and where were they found

A

E. callabus callabus
in eastern Europe until the middle of the century

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20
Q

Scientific name for Przewalski & where did they inhabit

A

E. callabus przewalskii
the remote Steppe region between China and Mongolia

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21
Q

How many chromosome pairs does the Equus Callbus and an Equus Asinus have

A

32 & 31

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22
Q

Primitive markings of donkeys and burros

A

dorsal stripes
cobwebbing
shoulder cross
leg barring
lower face mask

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23
Q

Mule

A

male donkey and female horse

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24
Q

Mules are infertile due to

A

chromosomal mismatch

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25
Q

Hinny

A

female donkey and male horse

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26
Q

Equus zebra

A

32 chromosomes

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27
Q

Cold blood breeds

A

Clydesdales
Shires
Suffolk
Belgian

28
Q

Where did Arabian horses originate

A

among the desert tribes of Arabian Peninsula

29
Q

Why were Arabians used

A

they were bred by the Bedouins as war mounts for long treks and quick forays into enemy camps

30
Q

How did Arabians evolve in harsh desert conditions

A

large lung compacity and endurance

31
Q

Genetic Makeup of QH

A

Spanish Barb (from Chickasaws) + English stock (draft) + Thoroughbred (England) + Mustang (west of Miss.)

32
Q

Origins of Thoroughbreds

A

stock of Arab and Barb horses was introduced to England in 3rd century

33
Q

What became the foundation of Thoroughbred breeding in the US

A

a son of the Darley Arabian was imported to Virginia in 1730 and during the following 45 years 186 th were imported from england

34
Q

Comanche Indians

A

finest horsemen on the Plains, favored loud-colored horses and had many among their immense herds

35
Q

Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s paint horses were called a variety of names

A

pinto, paint, skewbald, piebald

36
Q

What year was the APSHA established

A

1962

37
Q

What are the 3 specific coat patterns of paints

A

overo, tabiano, tovero

38
Q

APH Tobiano

A

dark color covers one or both flanks
all 4 legs white at least below hocks and knees
predominantly dark or white
tail is often two colors

39
Q

APH Overo

A

white will usually not cross the back of the horse between its withers and tail
one or all four legs are dark
head markings are bald, apron, or bonnet faced
tail is usually one color

40
Q

APH Tovero

A

dark pigmentation around the ears and mouth
blue eyes
smaller spots that extend forward across the barrel and up over the loin
spots at base of tail

41
Q

What hormones are produced in the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH and Oxytocin

42
Q

What does GnRH do

A

signals release of LH & FSH

43
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

uterine contractions milk letdown

44
Q

What hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

A

FSH & LH

45
Q

What does FSH do

A

initiates a new follicular wave

46
Q

What does LH do

A

initiates ovulation

47
Q

What hormones are produced in the ovary

A

P4 & E2

48
Q

What does P4 do

A

maintain pregnancy

49
Q

What does E2 do

A

suppresses FSH, responsible for behavioral signs of estrus

50
Q

What type of uterus do a cow, ewe, mare, sow, bitch have?

A

Bicornuate

51
Q

What is the difference between duplex and bicornuate uterus?

A

Duplex has 2 cervix, no uterine body, & can have 1 or 2 vaginas

52
Q

Where do bulls and sheep ejaculate vs where do boars ejaculate?

A

Bulls & sheep ejaculate in vagina and boars ejaculate in cervix

53
Q

What are the three parts of the oviduct

A

1st part: isthmus
2nd part: ampula
3rd part: infundibulum

54
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

In the ampulary-isthmic junction

55
Q

Uterotubal junction

A

junction between the uterine horn and oviduct
“door” for the sperm

56
Q

Gametogenic in the ovary produces
and endocrine produces

A

eggs
hormones

57
Q

What are the three basic structures of the ovaries

A

Follicle
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans

58
Q

What are the protective, supporting structures of the male reproductive tract

A

Scrotum
Spermatic cord
External cremaster & Tunica dartos muscle
Pampiniform plexus
Sheath

59
Q

What is pampiniform plexus necessary for and not

A

necessary for spermatogenesis not testosterone production

60
Q

Describe the epididymus

A

tube leading from the testis
collects & stores sperm
divided into head, body, tail (caput, corpus, cauda)

61
Q

Vas Deferens

A
  • tubal passageway for sperm/ejaculate mix
  • connects epididymus and urethra
62
Q

What species have a fibroelastic penis and which ones have a vascular penis?

A

Fibroelastic:
bull, ram, boar
Vascular:
stallion, dog, cat, man

63
Q

Accessory sex glands all contribute to

A

seminal fluid volume, support nutrition of sperm, pH buffers

64
Q

Sperm production is controlled by

A

FSH

65
Q

Testosterone production is stimulated by

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

66
Q
A

Animal Vet Sciences (8 decks)

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