chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

prenatal development takes an average of 38 weeks which are divided into 3 stages

A

the period of the zygote (weeks 1-2), the period of the embryo (weeks 3-8), the period of the fetus (weeks 9-38)

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2
Q

the period of the zygote ends when

A

the fertilized egg implants itself in the wall of the uterus

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3
Q

blastocyst

A

the fertilized egg four days after conception, which consists of about 100 cells and resembles a hollow ball

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4
Q

implantation

A

the process in which the zygote burrows into the uterine wall and establishes connections with a women’s blood vessels

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5
Q

germ disc

A

a small cluster of cells near the centre of the blastocyst that develops into the baby

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6
Q

placenta

A

the stricter through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and the developing child

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7
Q

once the blastocyst is completely removed embedded in

A

the uterine wall, it is called an embryo

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8
Q

ectoderm

A

the outer layer of the embryo, which becomes the hair, outer layer of skin, and nervous system

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9
Q

mesoderm

A

the middle layer of the embryo, which will become the muscles, bones, and circulatory system

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10
Q

age of viability

A

the age at which a fetus can survive because most of its bodily systems function adequately, typically at seven months after conception

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11
Q

some fetuses are more active than others and these differences can

A

predict infants behaviour: an active fetus is more likely than an inactive fetus to be an unhappy, difficult baby

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12
Q

three general risk factors

A

nutrition, stress, a mothers age

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13
Q

most pregnant women need to increase their intake of calories by

A

about 10 to 20 percent to meet the needs of prenatal development

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14
Q

spinal bifida

A

a disorder in which the embryos neural tube does not close properly during the first month of pregnancy (could cause damage to the spinal cord and nervous system)

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15
Q

women who report greater anxiety during pregnancy more often

A

give brith early or have babies who weigh less than average

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16
Q

teratogen

A

an agent that causes abnormal prenatal development

17
Q

pregnant women who smoke are more likely to

A

miscarry and to bear children who are smaller than average. as children develop, they likely show signs of impaired attention, language, cognitive skills, and behavioural problems

18
Q

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

a disorder affecting babies whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while they were pregnant

19
Q

children with FAS usually grow

A

more slowly than average and have heart problems and atypical facial feature

20
Q

moderate drinking can lead to partial fetal alcohol syndrome which refers to

A

children whose overall physical growth is normal but who have some facial abnormalities and impaired cognitive skills

21
Q

breech presentation

A

a brith in which the baby’s feet or bottom are delivered before the head

22
Q

hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen during delivery, typically because the umbilical cord becomes pinched or tangled during delivery