Skill Acquisition - Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Define the cognitive stage of learning

A

The first stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub routines are explored by trial and error

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2
Q

Define associative stage of learning

A

The second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother

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3
Q

Define autonomous stage of learning

A

The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific

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4
Q

What is a plateau

A

A period of no improvement in performance

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5
Q

What is drive reduction

A

An end of task period when performance may get worse

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6
Q

What is operant conditioning

A

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated

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7
Q

What is behaviourist theory

A

This attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimulus

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8
Q

What is positive reinforcement

A

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response

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9
Q

What is negative reinforcement

A

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response

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10
Q

What is punishment

A

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring

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11
Q

What is attention (observational learning)

A

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer

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12
Q

What is retention (observational learning)

A

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it

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13
Q

What is motor production (observational learning)

A

Having the mental and physical ability to do the task

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14
Q

What is social development theory

A

Learning by association with others

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15
Q

What is inter-psychological learning

A

Learning from others externally

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16
Q

What is intra psychological learning

A

Learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others

17
Q

Define constructivism

A

Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance

18
Q

What is the zone of proximal development

A

The next stage of learning based on the performance needs, expectations and current level of performance

19
Q

What is insight learning

A

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill

20
Q

What are the causes of a plateau

A

Lack of motivationboredompoor coachingtargets set too lowfatiguelimited ability

21
Q

What are solutions to plateau

A

player could find new coachcoach could offer more praise and feedback to provide motivationrest to avoid fatiguemore variety in tasks

22
Q

What does observational learning consist of

A

AttentionRetentionMotor productionMotivation

23
Q

What is motivation (observational learning)

A

Having the drive to do the task

24
Q

What are the three key features of Operant Conditioning

A

Based on Trial and ErrorShapes BehaviourManipulates the Environment

25
Q

What is a Satisfier

A

An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated

26
Q

What is an annoyer

A

An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses

27
Q

What are the three stages of Vygotsky Constructivism: proximal development

A
  1. What can I do?2. What can I do with help?What can I not do yet?