Sport Psychology - Aggression

Question 1

Define Aggression

Answer 1

The intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

Define Assertion

Answer 2

A forceful act within the rules

Question 3

‘No intent to harm but injury may happen’ Aggression or Assertion?

Answer 3

Assertion

Question 4

Name the 4 theories that explain how aggression is caused

Answer 4

Instinct Theory
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Aggressive Cue Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory

Question 5

What is Instinct Theory

Answer 5

States that aggression is spontaneous and innate

Question 6

What effect is created when aggression is released

Answer 6

Cathartic effect

Question 7

What is Displacement Theory

Answer 7

Individuals will wait for an acceptable time to be aggressive e.g. sport

Question 8

State 1 AO3 point supporting instinct theory

Answer 8

Sport is an outlet for aggression that could surface in a different situation

Catharsis is a benefit of playing competitive games

Question 9

State 1 AO3 point against instinct theory

Answer 9

Not all aggression is reactive and spontaneous – it is learned and pre intended

Rather than experience catharsis, some players increase aggression during a game and can display aggression when not playing

Question 10

What is the Frustration-Aggression hypothesis

Answer 10

States that when goals are blocked frustration occurs, which then leads to aggression

Question 11

Give an example of the frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 11

A player who is fouled in a game of football when about to run through towards goal might immediately retaliate and push the player who fouled him.

Question 12

Blocked goals lead to what

Answer 12

Frustration

Question 13

Frustration leads to what

Answer 13

Aggression

Question 14

What happens if an individual is unable to release there aggressive drive

Answer 14

Even more frustration will lead to a higher aggressive drive.

Question 15

Give 1 AO3 point for evaluating the frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 15

Not all frustration leads to aggression
Some players are good at controlling their emotions
Not all aggression is the result of frustration
No allowance for situation / environment

Question 16

Define catharsis

Answer 16

A term for letting of steam or a cleansing of the emotions

Question 17

Name 2 causes of frustration

Answer 17

Losing
Poor play by you
Poor play by a teammate
Disagreement with a referee
Hostile crowd
Pressure of success
High pressure game
Being fouled

Question 18

What is the Aggressive Cue hypothesis

Answer 18

Frustration builds but aggression only released when socially desirable cue present

Question 19

Give an example of an aggressive cue

Answer 19

Coaches instructions
Sporting venue
Sporting Equipment
Other People

Question 20

What is social learning theory (Aggression)

Answer 20

suggests aggressive behaviour is observed and copied from others

Question 21

Who does social learning theory state aggression is learned from

Answer 21

Role models or significant others

Question 22

State 2 strategies a player could use to prevent / reduce aggression

Answer 22

Walk away
Channel the aggression
Use relaxation techniques
Apply peer group pressure
Set non aggressive goals

Question 23

State 2 strategies a coach could use to prevent / reduce aggression

Answer 23

Punish players e.g. fines
Reinforce nonaggressive acts
Encourage group peer pressure
Substitute players
Talk to players to calm them own

Question 24

State 2 strategies an official could use to prevent / reduce aggression

Answer 24

Punish players e.g. send off
Apply the rules consistently
Talk to players to calm them down
Give immediate sanctions