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3. Grade 9: Science in English > Unit C Environmental Chemistry: 2.0 - 3.0 > Flashcards

Unit C Environmental Chemistry: 2.0 - 3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Why might lakes become cloudy in the summer?

A

Excessive algal growth

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2
Q

What can clear water sometimes indicate?

A

High acidity

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3
Q

Who sets guidelines for water quality?

A

Provincial and federal guidelines

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4
Q

What are the five classifications that water is used for?

A 
Human drinking water
Recreation such a swimming 
Livestock drinking water
Irrigation 
Protection of aquatic life
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5
Q

What are biological indicators?

A

Organisms in the water that can help determine water quality

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6
Q

What are some biological indicators?

A

Fish, plants, worms, insects, plankton, Protozoa, bacteria, and viruses

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7
Q

What are microbiological indicators?

A

Microscopic organisms such as bacteria

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8
Q

How does bacteria affect water quality?

A

They can cause serious health problems if they are present in large numbers

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9
Q

How do scientist use microbiological indicators to measure water quality?

A

They frequently take samples and if the samples have to much bacteria in them then they require extra treatment

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10
Q

How do scientists use aquatic invertebrates to measure water quality?

A

Different invertebrates need different water quality so they see which kind of invertebrates there are

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11
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Insects without back bones

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12
Q

What are the types of invertebrates that live in water?

A

Crustaceans, worms, mollusks and insects

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13
Q

Finish the sentence: The diversity of organisms decreases as acidity ….

A

Increases

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14
Q

What are the most commonly monitored indicators of water quality?

A 
Dissolved oxygen
Acidity
Heavy Metals
Plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus 
Pesticides
Salts
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15
Q

What is the concentration of chemicals usually measured in?

A

Parts per million or ppm. Or milligrams per liter

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16
Q

How many zeros does 1 million have?

A

6

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17
Q

What does the level of dissolved oxygen depend on?

A

Temperature
Turbulence
Amount of photosynthesis
Number of organisms using the water

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18
Q

How does photosynthesis affect dissolved oxygen?

A

Decreased oxygen levels

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19
Q

How does the number of organisms using the water affect the oxygen?

A

Decreased oxygen level

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20
Q

How can phosphorus and nitrogen enter water bodies?

A

Sewage pitfalls and run off

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21
Q

What happens if there is increased growth of algae due to phosphorus and nitrogen?

A

The more algae and plants grow the more that die. The dead plants become food for bacteria and bacteria increases in number and use all the oxygen

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22
Q

What is the ph level of normal rain and snow?

A

5.6 because carbon dioxide dissolves in it

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23
Q

What ph level is acid precipitation?

A

Anything lower than 5.6

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24
Q

What is acidic deposition?

A

When the thin soils and chemical composition of rocks cannot neutralize acids rain

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25
Q

What is spring acid shock?

A

When acid precipitation deposits build up in ice and snow in winter then in spring when it melts it flows into water systems

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26
Q

What does spring acid shock affect?

A

The eggs of aquatic organisms and offspring as well as organisms living in the water

27
Q

Why are some pesticides still in today environment?

A

Because they were not made to be broken down

28
Q

How are pesticide resistant pest created?

A

Insects reproduce quickly and their offspring become resistant to pesticides

29
Q

What is toxicity?

A

Describes how poisonous a substance is

30
Q

What are toxins?

A

Poisonous substances that produce serious health problems when introduced to an organisms

31
Q

What is LD50?

A

Lethal dose 50 %. It calculates the lethal dose that will kill 50 percent of lab animals given the same amount of a toxin at the same time

32
Q

What are the symptoms of mercury poisoning?

A

Numbness, involuntary movement, nerve damage, and brain damage

33
Q

What are heavy metals?

A

Metals that have a density of 5/cm3 of more

34
Q

How can heavy metals get into the environment?

A

Acid rain can corrode pipes and bring them into the water system

35
Q

What percent of the air is nitrogen?

A

78 %

36
Q

What percent of the air is oxygen?

A

21 %

37
Q

What percent of the air is argon?

A

Less than 1 %

38
Q

What ways can air quality be determined?

A

By measuring the amount of pollutants in the air

By estimating the amount of emissions from pollution sources

39
Q

What is sulfur dioxide?

A

A major pollutant that forms smog and acid rain

40
Q

How does sulfur dioxide affect your body?

A

It can affect your respiratory system and irritate your eyes

41
Q

What is the major source of sulfur dioxide?

A

Industrial processes

42
Q

What are scrubbers used for?

A

They reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by 99%. They use limestone to convert the pollutant to a useful product called gypsum

43
Q

What are nitrogen oxides?

A

Major pollutants that also produce smog and acid rain

44
Q

Where do nitrogen oxides come from?

A

Car emissions and combustion from generating plants and oil refineries

45
Q

What is carbon monoxide?

A

The silent killer because it has a colorless odorless gas

46
Q

Why does carbon monoxide form?

A

During combustion when there is not enough oxygen for carbon to pair with them they each get one

47
Q

How does carbon monoxide affect organisms?

A

If inhaled in reduces he amount of oxygen blood carries and can cause headaches, sleepiness, chest pain, brain damage and death

48
Q

What concerts carbon monoxide into a safer form?

A

Catalytic converters

49
Q

Why is ozone good an bad?

A

It is is good up in the air because it protects from the harmful gasses but bad lower because it is a harmful pollutant

50
Q

What is ozone?

A

A colorless, odorless gas composed of 3 oxygen atoms

51
Q

How doe ozone form?

A

From reactions between volatile organic compounds or VOCs

52
Q

What are VOCs?

A

Oxygen, nitrogen compounds

53
Q

What is the major source of ozone?

A

Fuel combustion in vehicles and industry

54
Q

What are greenhouse gasses?

A

The atmospheric gases that trap heat in the earth

55
Q

What are some greenhouse gasses?

A

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides,

56
Q

What is the enhance greenhouse affect?

A

Greater concentration of gases trapping more heat due to production of greenhouse gases

57
Q

What is global warming?

A

The temperature increase worldwide

58
Q

What is global warming?

A

Caused by human activities and the changing temperature of the the earth

59
Q

How high is the ozone layer?

A

15-50 km above earths surface

60
Q

What is the problem with the ozone layer?

A

Over the years it is becoming thinner exposing people to UV radiation

61
Q

What is the thinking of the ozone caused by?

A

The use is of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons. Chlorine atoms combine with oxygen atoms that destroy ozone

62
Q

Where are chlorofluorocarbons from?

A

Hair spray, fire extinguishers etc

63
Q

What is ozone holes sped up by?

A

Ice particles

3. Grade 9: Science in English (20 decks)

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