Lecture 2: Anatomy and Morphology - 10/4 Flashcards
Which kingdoms are eukaryotes divided into?
Fungi, protista, plants, and animals
What are the two subdivisions of the plant kingdom?
Non-vascular and vascular plants
What are the two subdivisions of vascular plants?
Seedless plants
and
Seed plants
What are the two divisions of seedless plants?
Lycophyta and Pteridophyta
What are the 5 seed plant divisions?
Cycadophyta, gingkophyta, coniferophyta, gnetophyta, and anthophyta (angiosperms)
What are the two divisions of angiosperms?
Monocotyledones and dicotyledones
What are characteristics of monocots?
One cotyledon, usually parallel leaf venation, vascular tissue scattered, fibrous root system, pollen grain w/ one opening, floral organs usually in multiples of 3
What are characteristics of dicots?
Two cotyledons, usually netlike leaf venation, vascular tissue usually arranged in ring, taproot, pollen grain w/ 3 openings, floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular cambium
A one-layer thick cylinder of meristomatic cells
Adds secondary xylem (wood) to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside. A secondary meristem
Bark
Consists of all the tissues external to the vascular cambium (like the secondary phloem produced by the vascular cambium and periderm)
Periderm
In a plant stem, consists of the cork cambium (secondary meristem) plus the layers of cork cells it produces (the bark). It’s basically the corky outer layer of a stem and an example of secondary growth
Primary growth
Comes from apical meristems, resulting in new growth. Examples are shoot and root tips
Secondary growth
Growth of already existing tissue. The cork cambium is a good example of secondary growth
Xylem
Conducts water in plant tissues
Present in both mono and dicots
Phloem
Conducts sugars in plant tissues
Present in both mono and dicots
