Lecture 5: Classification, Taxonomy, Domestication - 10/9

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

The ordered naming and division of organisms

Question 2

What are the units in taxonomy?

Answer 2

Taxa (singular: taxon)

Question 3

Theophrastus

Answer 3

Proposed a systematic treatment of over 500 species according to habitat and separated into flowering and non-flowering

Question 4

Artificial classification systems

Answer 4

Based on physical appearance of plants

Question 5

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 5

Created a ‘sexual’ system that divided plants into different classes based on flower morphology. Its application produced ‘unnatural groupings’

Question 6

Linnaeus’ system of classification

Answer 6

Kingdoms, divisions, classes, orders, genera, species

Question 7

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 7

A combination of genus and species

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

The evolutionary history of a species inferred from morphological and molecular data

Question 9

Clade

Answer 9

A common ancestor and all its lineal descendants; a monophyletic group

Question 10

Six most important plant families

Answer 10

Fabaceae (legume)
Solanaceae (tomato)
Brassicaceae (cabbage)
Rosaceae (rose)
Poaceae (grass)
Liliaceae (lily)

Question 11

Groups/subspecies

Answer 11

Crops that have been bred to such an extent that groups/subspecies have been created

For example, in the brassica family, kale, broccoli, and cabbage all count as groups/subspecies

Question 12

Cultivar

Answer 12

A further development of a group/subspecies

Examples of this would be in tomatoes, where there are many cultivars such as Mochi (F1), Cherokee Purple to name a few

Question 13

Six major sites of crop origin

Answer 13

Fertile Crescent
Central Africa
Central China
Southeast Asia
North America
Chile-Ecuador-Bolivia

Question 14

Fertile Crescent crops

Answer 14

First barley, emmer wheat, legumes

Question 15

Central Africa crops

Answer 15

Sorghum and millet

Question 16

Central China crops

Answer 16

Rice

Question 17

Southeast Asia crops

Answer 17

Rice

Question 18

North America

Answer 18

Corn, common bean, squash

Question 19

South America

Answer 19

Quinoa, common bean, lima bean, potato, chili, tomato

Question 20

Why was the Green Revolution significant and when did it occur?

Answer 20

1930-1970, crop production significantly increased