Chapter 3 Perceiving Ourselves And Others In Organizations.

Question 1

“____” refers to an individual’s self-beliefs and self-evaluations.

Answer 1

Self-concept.

Question 2

What are the three characteristics of self-concept?

Answer 2

Complexity, consistency, and clarity.

Question 3

“____” is defined by more than just the number of identities a person has: it is also defined by the separation of those identities.

Answer 3

Complexity.

Question 4

“____”, the second self-concept characteristic, is the degree to which a person’s identities require similar personal attributes.

Answer 4

Consistency.

Question 5

The third self-concept characteristic is “____,” which refers to the degree to which a person’s self-concept is clear, confidently defined, and stable.

Answer 5

Clarity.

Question 6

A persons inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others perceive them favorably), such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and important. This is called?

Answer 6

Self enhancement.

Question 7

“____” stabilizes an individuals self view, which, in turn, guides their thoughts and actions.

Answer 7

Self verification.

Question 8

Self-evaluation is mostly defined by what three elements?

Answer 8

Self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control.

Question 9

The extent to which people like, respect, and are satisfied with themselves is called?

Answer 9

Self-esteem.

Question 10

“A person’s belief that they have the ability, motivation, correct role perceptions, and favorable situation to complete a task successfully. “ This is the definition of?

Answer 10

Self-efficacy.

Question 11

“____” is defined as a person’s general beliefs about the amount of control they have over personal life event’s.

Answer 11

Locus of control.

Question 12

“____” is a theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong to or have an emotional attachment.

Answer 12

Social identity theory.

Question 13

“____” is the process of receiving information about and making sense of our surrounding environment.

Answer 13

Perception.

Question 14

The process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other information is called?

Answer 14

Selective attention.

Question 15

The most common and far-reaching perceptual grouping is “____” - the mostly nonconscious process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our memory long term.

Answer 15

Categorical thinking.

Question 16

“____” are knowledgeable structures that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us.

Answer 16

Mental models

Question 17

“____” is the perceptual process in which we assign characteristics to an identifiable group and then automatically transfer those features to anyone we believe is a member of that group.

Answer 17

Stereotyping

Question 18

“____” is the perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused largely by internal or external factors.

Answer 18

Attribution process.

Question 19

“____” is the tendency to attribute our failures to external causes more than internal causes, while successes are due to more internal than external causes.

Answer 19

Self- serving bias.

Question 20

“____” is the tendency to over emphasize internal causes of another person’s behavior and to discount or ignore external causes of their behavior.

Answer 20

Fundamental attribution error.

Question 21

“____” occurs when our expectations about another person cause that individual to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations.

Answer 21

Self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 22

A perspective of organizational behavior that focuses on building positive quantities and traits within individuals or institutions as opposed to focusing on what is wrong with them I know as what behavior?

Answer 22

Positive organizational behavior.

Question 23

The “____” occurs when our general impression of a person, usually based on one prominent characteristic, distorts our perception of other characteristics of that person.

Answer 23

Halo effect.

Question 24

“___” occurs when people overestimate the extent to which others have similar beliefs or behaviors to their own.

Answer 24

False- consensus effect.

Question 25

The “____” occurs when the most recent information dominates our perceptions.

Answer 25

Regency effect.

Question 26

The “____” is our tendency to rely on the first information we receive about people to quickly form an opinion of them.

Answer 26

Primary effect.

Question 27

A theory stating that the more we interact with someone, the less prejudiced of perceptually biased we will be against that person. What is this theory?

Answer 27

Contact hypothesis.

Question 28

“____” refers to the understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situations of others.

Answer 28

Empathy.

Question 29

“____” refers to an individual’s ability to perceive, know about, and process information across cultures.

Answer 29

Global mindset.

Question 30

“____” is the process of receiving information about and making sense of our surrounding environment. It includes determining which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge.

Answer 30

Perception.