Glossary- B

Question 1

back door

Answer 1

A section of code that permits someone to bypass access controls and ac- cess data or functions. Back doors are commonly placed in programs during develop- ment but are removed before programming is complete.

Question 2

background check

Answer 2

The process of verifying an employment candidate’s employment history, education records, professional licenses and certifications, criminal back- ground, and financial background.

Question 3

background verification

Answer 3

See background check.

Question 4

back-out plan

Answer 4

A procedure used to reverse the effect of a change that was not successful.

Question 5

backup

Answer 5

The process of copying important data to another media device in the event of a hardware failure, error, or software bug that causes damage to data.

Question 6

backup media rotation

Answer 6

Any scheme used to determine how backup media is to be reused.

Question 7

balanced scorecard

Answer 7

A management tool that is used to measure the performance and effectiveness of an organization.

Question 8

barbed wire

Answer 8

Coiled or straight wire with sharp barbs that may be placed along the top of a fence or wall to prevent or deter passage by unauthorized personnel.

Question 9

benchmark

Answer 9

The practice of measuring a process in order to compare its performance and quality with the same process as performed by another firm. The purpose is to discover opportunities for improvement that may result in lower cost, fewer resources, and higher quality.

Question 10

biometrics

Answer 10

Any use of a machine-readable characteristic of a user’s body that unique- ly identifies the user. Biometrics can be used for strong authentication. Types of bio- metrics include voice recognition, fingerprint, hand scan, palm vein scan, iris scan, retina scan, facial scan, and handwriting. See also authentication, strong authentication.

Question 11

blackmail

Answer 11

An attempt to extort money from an individual or organization through a threat of exposure.

Question 12

blackout

Answer 12

A complete loss of electric power for more than a few seconds.

Question 13

blade server

Answer 13

A type of computer architecture where a main chassis equipped with a power supply, cooling, network, and console connectors contains several slots that are fitted with individual computer modules called blades. Each blade is an independent computer system.

Question 14

block cipher

Answer 14

This is an encryption algorithm that operates on blocks of data.

Question 15

Bluetooth

Answer 15

A short-range airlink standard for data communications between periph- erals and low-power consumption devices.

Question 16

bollard

Answer 16

A barrier that prevents the entry of vehicles into protected areas.

Question 17

border gateway protocol (BGP)

Answer 17

A TCP/IP routing protocol that is used to transmit network routing information from one network router to another in order to determine the most efficient path through a large network.

Question 18

bot

Answer 18

A type of malware in which agents are implanted by other forms of malware and which are programmed to obey remotely issued instructions. See also bot army.

Question 19

bot army

Answer 19

A collection of bots that are under the control of an individual. See also bot.

Question 20

bridge

Answer 20

An Ethernet network device that is used to interconnect two or more Ethernet
networks.

Question 21

broadcast address

Answer 21

The highest numeric IP address in an IP subnet. When a packet is sent to the network’s broadcast address, all active stations on the network will receive it.

Question 22

brownout

Answer 22

A sustained drop in voltage that can last from several seconds to several hours.

Question 23

budget

Answer 23

A plan for allocating resources over a certain time period.

Question 24

bug sweeping

Answer 24

The practice of electronically searching for covert listening devices.

Question 25

bus

Answer 25

A component in a computer that provides the means for the different compo- nents of the computer to communicate with each other.

Question 26

bus topology

Answer 26

A network topology where each station is connected to a central cable.

Question 27

business case

Answer 27

An explanation of the expected benefits to the business that will be
realized as a result of a program or project.

Question 28

business continuity planning (BCP)

Answer 28

The activities required to ensure the continua- tion of critical business processes.

Question 29

business functional requirements

Answer 29

Formal statements that describe required busi- ness functions that a system must support.

Question 30

business impact analysis (BIA)

Answer 30

A study that is used to identify the impact that differ- ent disaster scenarios will have on on-going business operations.

Question 31

business realization

Answer 31

The result of strategic planning, process development, and sys- tems development, which all contribute toward a launch of business operations to reach a set of business objectives.

Question 32

business process reengineering

Answer 32

The set of activities related to the process of making changes to business processes.

Question 33

business recovery plan

Answer 33

The activities required to recover and resume critical business processes and activities. See also response document.